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Introduction
Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.
Signalment
Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.[1]
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.[1]
- CNS: hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.[1], [1]
- Gastrointestinal: diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.[1], [1]
- Cardiovascular: arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.[1], [1]
Laboratory Tests
Pathology
The methylxanthines yield their effects through
- Antagonism of Adenosine Receptors:[2]
- Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase:
Treatment
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Tilley SmithThe 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline (Second Edition), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins Cite error: Invalid
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