- F is widespread in nature
- Pastures may be contaminated by industrial processes (e.g. brick manufacture)
- Acute poisoning:
- Gastroenteritis
- Nephrosis
- Chronic poisoning:
- Dental abnormalities
- Intoxication during teeth development
- Foci of poor enamel formation - yellow, dark brown/black, chalky
- Irregular wear of teeth, chip easily
- Osteodystrophy = Fluorosis
- Generalised skeletal disturbance
- Most affected are metatarsals and mandibles
- Periosteal hyperostosis + endosteal bone resorption -> thickened bones with enlarged marrow cavities