Protozoa Flashcards

Toxoplasma gondii - Ke Hu and John Murray

Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidian Flashcards

Protozoa

Question	Answer	Article
What are the four different ways protozoa can move?	Cilia Flagellum Pseduopodia Gliding	Link to Article
How do protozoa reproduce?	By binary fission By schizogony By sporogony By gametogeny	Link to Article
Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa	The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony) Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny) Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious	Link to Article

Tropical Protozoa

Question	Answer	Article
What species transmits Leishmania?	Sandflies Phlebotomus spp. in the Old World Lutzomyia spp. in the New World	Link to Article
Which cells are Leishmania species intracellular parasites of?	Macrophages	Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of Leishmania infections?	Cutaneous form Ulcers on the lips, eyelids and pinnae of ears Visceral form Eczema Fever Generalised lympadenopathy	Link to Article
How can you treat and prevent Leishmania infections?	Chemotherapy Prevent sandflies biting dogs through collars containing insecticides Destruction of infected and stray dogs	Link to Article
Which diseases so Trypanosome species cause in cattle and in humans?	Nagana in cattle (wasting disease) Chagas disease in humans, armadillos and possums Sleeping sickness in humans	Link to Article
Fill in the missing words about trypanosoma infections? Salivarian trypanosome species multiply in the ??? and ??? of ???. This is also known as ??? development. Stercorian trypanosome species multiply in the ??? of ??? bugs, keds and ???. This is also known as ??? development.	proboscis foregut Tsetse flies anterior station hindgut Triatomid tabanids posterior station	Link to Article
What are the general clinical signs of trypanosoma infections?	Anaemia Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen Degeneration and inflammation of multiple organs Loss of body condition Oedema of the limbs and genitalia in horses Myocarditis and corneal opacity in dogs and cats	Link to Article
How are trypanosoma infections diagnosed?	Giemsa stained smears Fresh blood films looking for motile trypanosomes Haematocrit tubes looking for motile trypanosomes at the buffy coat/plasma interface	Link to Article

Other Important Protozoa

Question	Answer	Article
What is Balantidium and where is it found?	Ciliate protozoan Commensal organism Found in the lumen of the large intestine of pigs and humans	Link to Article
How would you diagnose Cyclospora infections?	Faecal smear for oocysts Zeihl-Neelson stain positive Oocysts autoflouresce	Link to Article
How can Entamoeba cause abcesses in the liver?	Erosion of the large intestine may allow the parasite to enter the bloodstream Once in the bloodstream the parasite can reach the liver and cause ascesses	Link to Article
What disease does Histomonas meleagridis cause and in which species?	Causes Blackhead Affects turkeys Chickens are asymptomatic carriers	Link to Article
In which caecal nematode worm is H. meleagridis carried?	Heterakis gallinarum	Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of H. meleagridis infections?	Ante-mortem Cyanotic head and wattles Yellow droppings Post Mortem Necrotic mucosa in caecum 1cm diameter circular lesions in the liver	Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of Microsporidia infections?	Head-tilt Incontinence Uveitis Cataracts But mostly asymptomatic	Link to Article
How is Tritrichomonas foetus transmitted?	Venerally	Link to Article
Where is Tritrichomonas foetus found in cattle?	Uterus of cows Preputial cavity of bulls	Link to Article