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** Delay in lochial expulsion due to weak myometrial contractions.
 
** Delay in lochial expulsion due to weak myometrial contractions.
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==Factors Influencing the Puerperium==
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=== Uterine Involution ===
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==== Age ====
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* More rapid in primiparia than pleuriparia
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==== Season ====
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* More rapid in spring and summer months.
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==== Suckling vs Milking ====
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* Results are contradictory
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* May be a breed influence on the time taken to return to ovarian cyclicity
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==== Climate ====
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* Heat stress can accelerate and inhibit the speed of involution.
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==== Periparturient Abnormalities ====
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* Dystocia, retained placenta, hypocalcaemia, ketosis, twin calves and metritis delay involution.
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* Periparturient problems cause a delay of the process of involution by ~5-8 days.
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==== Delayed Return to Ovarian Cyclicity ====
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* Inhibits involution
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=== Restoration of the Endometrium ===
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* Retained foetal membranes and metritis inhibit healing.
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* Return to ovarian cyclicity may have an influence.
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=== Return to Ovarian Cyclicity ===
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This can be affected by; periparturient abnormalities, milk yield, nutrition, breed, parity, season, climate and suckling intensity and milking frequency.
       
[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]
 
[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]
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