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Also known as: '''''FAD — Flea Allergy Dermatitis — Flea Bite Hypersensitivity — FBH — Flea Dermatosis

Also known as: '''''FAD — Flea Allergy Dermatitis — Flea Bite Hypersensitivity — FBH — Flea Dermatosis

==Description==

==Introduction==

 

[[Image:Cat flea.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cat Flea - August La Roux 2007,  Wikimedia Commons]]

[[Image:Cat flea.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cat Flea - August La Roux 2007,  Wikimedia Commons]]

Flea allergic dermatitis is the most common skin disease of dogs and cats worldwide. Cases are caused by flea infestation, mainly by ''[[Ctenocephalides felis]]'', the cat flea, but ''[[Ctenocephalides canis]]'', ''[[Archaeopsylla erinacei]]'', ''[[Spilopsyllus cuniculi]]'' and ''[[Pulex irritans]]'' can also be found on cats and dogs. [[:Category:Fleas|Fleas]] are blood sucking, wingless insects that live and breed in the hair coat of an animal and often cause pruritus and annoyance. The term flea allergic dermatitis refers to the condition that arises due to hypersensitivity to flea saliva when a flea bites. This is initiated by a low molecular weight hapten and two high molecular weight allergens. Flea saliva also contains histamine-like compound that irritate the skin to cause flea bite hypersensitivity.

Flea allergic dermatitis is the most common skin disease of dogs and cats worldwide. Cases are caused by flea infestation, mainly by ''[[Ctenocephalides felis]]'', the cat flea, but ''[[Ctenocephalides canis]]'', ''[[Archaeopsylla erinacei]]'', ''[[Spilopsyllus cuniculi]]'' and ''[[Pulex irritans]]'' can also be found on cats and dogs. [[:Category:Fleas|Fleas]] are blood sucking, wingless insects that live and breed in the hair coat of an animal and often cause pruritus and annoyance. The term flea allergic dermatitis refers to the condition that arises due to hypersensitivity to flea saliva when a flea bites. This is initiated by a low molecular weight hapten and two high molecular weight allergens. Flea saliva also contains histamine-like compound that irritate the skin to cause flea bite hypersensitivity ([[Type I Hypersensitivity|type I]] and [[Type IV Hypersensitivity|type IV]]).

Intermittent exposure to fleas and saliva is far more likely to result in flea allergic dermatitis than continued exposure. Both IgG and IgE antibodies have been implicated in the reaction, and both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions are seen. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity also becomes established: [[basophils]] infiltrate the dermis under the influence of IgG or IgE and degranulate upon subsequent exposures to give further immediate and delayed hypersensitivity.

Intermittent exposure to fleas and saliva is far more likely to result in flea allergic dermatitis than continued exposure. Both IgG and IgE antibodies have been implicated in the reaction, and both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions are seen. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity also becomes established: [[basophils]] infiltrate the dermis under the influence of IgG or IgE and degranulate upon subsequent exposures to give further immediate and delayed hypersensitivity.

If flea control is implemented correctly, and the client and patient are compliant, prognosis is excellent.

If flea control is implemented correctly, and the client and patient are compliant, prognosis is excellent.

==Literature Search==

[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]

|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00217.asp Flea allergic dermatitis]

 

|flashcards = [[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 13]]

 

|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergic+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergy+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Bite+Hypersensitivity%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Dermatosis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28FBH%29+&rows=10#pa20093017998 Flea allergy dermatitis publications]

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergic+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergy+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Bite+Hypersensitivity%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Dermatosis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28FBH%29+&rows=10#pa20093017998 Flea allergy dermatitis publications]

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28dogs%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergic+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergy+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Bite+Hypersensitivity%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Dermatosis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28FBH%29+%29%29 FAD in dogs publications]

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28dogs%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergic+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergy+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Bite+Hypersensitivity%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Dermatosis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28FBH%29+%29%29 FAD in dogs publications]

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28cats%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergic+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergy+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Bite+Hypersensitivity%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Dermatosis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28FBH%29+%29%29 FAD in cats publications]

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28cats%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergic+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Allergy+Dermatitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Bite+Hypersensitivity%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Flea+Dermatosis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28FBH%29+%29%29 FAD in cats publications]

==References==

==References==

#Nuttall, T (2001) Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis. ''In Practice'', '''23(8)''', 442-452.

#Nuttall, T (2001) Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis. ''In Practice'', '''23(8)''', 442-452.

#Perrins and Hendricks (2007) Recent advances in flea control. ''In Practice'', '''29(4)''', 202-207.

#Perrins and Hendricks (2007) Recent advances in flea control. ''In Practice'', '''29(4)''', 202-207.

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

 

[[Category:Allergic Skin Diseases]][[Category:Cat]][[Category:Dog - Integumentary System]]

 

 

 

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Allergic Skin Diseases]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Integumentary System - Parasitic Infections]]

[[Category:Integumentary System - Hypersensitivity Reactions]]