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==Other==

==Other==

===Tularemia===

===Tularemia===

Although this is rarely reported in hamsters, ''Francisella tularensis'' causes acute septicemia and has a high morbidity and mortality rates. Death occurs with 48hrs of onset.

Although this is rarely reported in hamsters, ''Francisella tularensis'' causes acute septicemia and has a high morbidity and mortality rates. Death occurs with 48hrs of onset.

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This is a zoonotic pathogen.

This is a zoonotic pathogen.

===Yersiniosis (Pseudotuberculosis)===

===Yersiniosis (Pseudotuberculosis)===

''Yersinia pseudotuberculosis'' is usually the result of fecal contamination of food or water and leads to acute septicemia and intermittent diarrhoea.  

''Yersinia pseudotuberculosis'' is usually the result of fecal contamination of food or water and leads to acute septicemia and intermittent diarrhoea.  

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Macroscopic pathology includes lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, gallbladder and intestinal walls.

Macroscopic pathology includes lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, gallbladder and intestinal walls.

===Cholangiofibrosis===

===Cholangiofibrosis===

Also called cholangiohepatitis,the cause of this pathology is thought to be from a Helicobacter species called ''H. cholecysticus''. Affected hamsters display no clinical signs.

Also called cholangiohepatitis,the cause of this pathology is thought to be from a Helicobacter species called ''H. cholecysticus''. Affected hamsters display no clinical signs.

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===Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM)===

===Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM)===

LCM is an RNA virus from the arenavirus group and is rare in hamsters, although most reported human cases have been associated with infected hamsters. ''In utero'' or perinatal infections may facilitate chronic infection resulting in a progressive wasting disease affecting the liver, spleen, lung, meningies and brain. Approximately 50% of hamsters will clear the infection.

LCM is an RNA virus from the arenavirus group and is rare in hamsters, although most reported human cases have been associated with infected hamsters. ''In utero'' or perinatal infections may facilitate chronic infection resulting in a progressive wasting disease affecting the liver, spleen, lung, meningies and brain. Approximately 50% of hamsters will clear the infection.

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A common route of infection of LCM in research laboratories is via the transplantation of LCM-containing tumors.Macroscopic pathology may include spenomegally, swollen or shrunken pitted kidneys and hepatomegally. Microscopic pathology may include lymphocytic meningitis, chronic glomerulonephropathy, widespread vasculitis and widespread lymphocytic infiltration.

A common route of infection of LCM in research laboratories is via the transplantation of LCM-containing tumors.Macroscopic pathology may include spenomegally, swollen or shrunken pitted kidneys and hepatomegally. Microscopic pathology may include lymphocytic meningitis, chronic glomerulonephropathy, widespread vasculitis and widespread lymphocytic infiltration.

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