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==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
 
'''Of dogs presenting with clinical signs'''
 
'''Of dogs presenting with clinical signs'''
**'''Inital stabilisation of Cardiorespiratory System:'''
+
*'''Inital stabilisation of Cardiorespiratory System:'''
***Tachycardia: beta-blockers, eg orally administered metoprolol at a dose of 0.5mg to 1mg per kg every 8 hours <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
+
**Tachycardia: beta-blockers, eg orally administered metoprolol at a dose of 0.5mg to 1mg per kg every 8 hours <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
***Premature Ventricluar Contractions: lidocaine; iv bolus of 2mg to 6mg per kg administered slowly, after which a constant rate infusion of 20ug to 70ug per kg per minute should be given <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
+
**Premature Ventricluar Contractions: lidocaine; iv bolus of 2mg to 6mg per kg administered slowly, after which a constant rate infusion of 20ug to 70ug per kg per minute should be given <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
***Bradycardia: Atropine at a dose of 0.01mg to 0.02mg per kg <ref name="multiples">'''http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/211104.htm''', accessed on 07.11.2010 </ref>
+
**Bradycardia: Atropine at a dose of 0.01mg to 0.02mg per kg <ref name="multiples">'''http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/211104.htm''', accessed on 07.11.2010 </ref>
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**'''Treatment of seizures and hyperactivity'''
+
*'''Treatment of seizures and hyperactivity'''
***IV Diazepam at a dose of 0.5 to 2 mg/kg <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
+
**IV Diazepam at a dose of 0.5 to 2 mg/kg <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
***Alternative to diazepam is barbiturates <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
+
**Alternative to diazepam is barbiturates <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
***Treating the seizures and hyperactivity should help restore normal body temperature. If animal still hyperthermic then this should be treated directly <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
+
**Treating the seizures and hyperactivity should help restore normal body temperature. If animal still hyperthermic then this should be treated directly <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
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**'''Correction of acid/base and electrolyte inbalances''' ref merck
+
*'''Correction of acid/base and electrolyte inbalances''' ref merck
   −
**'''Insertion of urinary catheter'''
+
*'''Insertion of urinary catheter'''
***Helps prevent further absorption of theobromine and caffeine across bladder wall <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
+
**Helps prevent further absorption of theobromine and caffeine across bladder wall <ref name="multiples"> King, LG, Boag, A (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care(2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.  
    
'''Of dogs with a known history of recent chocolate ingestion but who have not yet developed clinical signs'''
 
'''Of dogs with a known history of recent chocolate ingestion but who have not yet developed clinical signs'''
**Administration of apomorphine (0.03mg/kg IV) or hydrogen peroxide (1-5 ml/kg PO) ref 5 min vet consult in order to induce emesis and/or of activated charcoal in order to minimise further absorption of methylxanthines re 5 min vet consult
+
*Administration of apomorphine (0.03mg/kg IV) or hydrogen peroxide (1-5 ml/kg PO) ref 5 min vet consult in order to induce emesis and/or of activated charcoal in order to minimise further absorption of methylxanthines re 5 min vet consult
    
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
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