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| − | ==Hydropic Degeneration== | + | ==[[Hydropic Degeneration]]== |
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| − | * Hydropic degeneration often indicates severe cellular damage due to viruses.
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| − | ** Is a more severe or advanced form of cellular swelling.
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| − | * There are two types of hydropic degeneration, in which:
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| − | *# The cells may swell up like a balloon prior to their destruction.
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| − | *#* '''Ballooning Degeneration'''
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| − | *# There is a discrete bleb (vacuole) of fluid within the cytoplasm.
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| − | *#* '''Vacuolar Degeneration'''
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| − | ===Ballooning Degeneration===
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| − | * May occur in a variety of conditions.
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| − | ** Is particularly seen in viral conditions of epithelial tissue.
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| − | * [[Foot and Mouth Disease|Foot and Mouth Disease]] is the best example.
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| − | ** Foot and Mouth virus attacks the stratum spinosum of the epithelium of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and feet.
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| − | ** Affected cells balloon up with water containing the replicating virus, swelling until they burst.
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| − | *** The fluid contained in the cells then forms microvesicles (blisters) in the stratum spinosum.
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| − | **** Blisters may later burst, shedding vast quantities of the virus.
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| − | ** On bursting, the edges of the erosions look ragged.
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| − | *** Within weeks, the germinal epithelium at the base of the erosion regenerates the epithelium, leaving no trace of a scar.
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| − | ===Vacuolar Degeneration===
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| − | * In vacuolar degeneration, excess water is transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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| − | * The ER swells and eventually fragments.
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| − | ** A fluid vacuole remains in the cytoplasm.
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| − | * Commonly occurs in cells that are very metabolically active and have well developed pumping mechanisms.
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| − | ** E.g. as the hepatocyte, renal tubular epithelium and pancreatic acinar cell.
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| − | [[Category:Degenerations and Infiltrations]]
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