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*Sequel to [[Bronchitis#Chronic bronchitis|chronic bronchitis]] as result of an unresolved persistent [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]]
*Sequel to [[Bronchitis#Chronic bronchitis|chronic bronchitis]] as result of an unresolved persistent [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]]
*Chronic inflammation within the bronchial mucosa and wall -> release of proteolytic enzymes from [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and macrophages -> destruction of supporting structures in the bronchial walls (eg: cartilage, connective tissue) -> weakens the bronchial walls and damages lining mucosal epithelial cells and their cilia (damage to mucociliary escalator)
*Chronic inflammation within the bronchial mucosa and wall -> release of proteolytic enzymes from [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and macrophages -> destruction of supporting structures in the bronchial walls (eg: cartilage, connective tissue) -> weakens the bronchial walls and damages lining mucosal epithelial cells and their cilia (damage to mucociliary escalator)
*[[Lungs Ventilation - Pathology#Atelectasis|Atelectasis]] in the surrounding lung parenchyma results in increased inspiratory effort and increased intrathoracic negative pressure during inspiration
*[[Atelectasis|Atelectasis]] in the surrounding lung parenchyma results in increased inspiratory effort and increased intrathoracic negative pressure during inspiration
*The weakened bronchial walls are less able to 'resist' the negative pressure and therefore dilate excessively.
*The weakened bronchial walls are less able to 'resist' the negative pressure and therefore dilate excessively.
*With time this dilation becomes permanent as a viscous cycle of exudate pooling in the lumen and increased contact of the bronchial walls with the leukocytes further weakens the bronchial walls.
*With time this dilation becomes permanent as a viscous cycle of exudate pooling in the lumen and increased contact of the bronchial walls with the leukocytes further weakens the bronchial walls.