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| | [[Pneumonia Overview]] | | [[Pneumonia Overview]] |
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| | =='''[[Bronchopneumonia]]'''== | | =='''[[Bronchopneumonia]]'''== |
| − | [[Image:Chronic bronchopneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Chronic bronchopneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *Originates and extends from terminal bronchioles
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| − | *Acute inflammatory exudate initially fills '''alveolar spaces''' radiating from the bronchioles causing areas of solidification of lung tissue termed '''consolidation'''
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| − | *In bronchopneumonia this consolidation is oriented around terminal bronchioles
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| − | *Most commonly occurs in '''cranioventral lung lobes''' and correlates with '''aerogenous''' portal of entry and gravitation of infectious droplets
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| − | *Most common form of pneumonia seen in domestic animals and the most common causes are bacterial and mycoplasma infections or aspiration
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| − | *Gross pathology:
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| − | **Affected parts are firmer (consolidated) than surrounding non-affected tissue
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| − | **Colour varies from red to pink to grey depending upon the stage of infection
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| − | **Extent of the lesion varies with the aetiological agent and the lobulation/septation of the species
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| − | *Micro pathology:
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| − | **Early cases centred upon the bronchiolar alveolar junction with exudation, which extends into neighbouring alveoli
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| − | **Exudate contains many [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], macrophages and oedema
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| − | **Alveolar capillaries are hyperaemic
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| − | **Some haemorrhages in severe cases - later stages contain more cells than fluid
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| − | *Spread of the inflammation within the lung is usually by extension from lobule to lobule along the airways, or by necrosis of alveoli and septa in the case of toxin-producing bacteria
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| − | *Sequel to bronchopneumonia:
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| − | **Mild catarrhal inflammation resolves in 7 days and the lung is back to normal within 3 weeks
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| − | **More severe inflammation becomes chronic with fibrosis or [[Bronchiectasis|bronchiectasis]]
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| − | **[[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Pulmonary abscesses|Abscess]] formation with pyogenic bacteria
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| − | **'''Pleuritis''' in severe fibrinous pneumonia with adhesions
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| − | **Death in fulminating cases due to hypoxaemia and toxaemia
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| − | *'''Suppurative bronchopneumonia'''
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| − | **Purulent or mucopurulent exudate in airways
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| − | **Generally confined to individual nodules, more obvious in species with prominent lobulation
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| − | **Sometimes referred to as '''lobular pneumonia'''
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| − | **Lung colour changes from red to grey to white with time
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| − | **Good exapmle are '''enzootic pneumonias''' of [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|cattle]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of lambs|sheep]] and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|pigs]]
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| − | *'''Fibrinous pneumonia'''
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| − | **Predominantly fibrous exudate
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| − | **Exudate moves through pulmonary tissue to involve whole lung lobe
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| − | **Sometimes referred to as '''lobar pneumonia''' (below)
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| − | **Generally more severe than suppurative pneumonias
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| − | **Externally - severe congestion and haemorrhage, intense red colour with fibrinous plaques
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| − | **May develop into sequestra of necrotic tissue encapsulated by connective tissue
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| − | **Microscopically - massive exudation of plasma proteins into bronchioles and alveoli
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| − | **Rarely resolves completely, leaves scars - pulmonary fibrosis and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology#Pleuritis|pleural adhesions]]
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| − | [[Category:Pneumonia]]
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| | =='''Bronchointerstitial pneumonia'''== | | =='''Bronchointerstitial pneumonia'''== |