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| **Influences the size of the skeleton and soft tissue | | **Influences the size of the skeleton and soft tissue |
| | | |
− | ====Pituitary dwarfism==== | + | ====[[Congenital Panhypopituitarism|Pituitary dwarfism]]==== |
| | | |
| *Rare in animals, reported in German Shepherd Dogs | | *Rare in animals, reported in German Shepherd Dogs |
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| *Growth plates remain open for up to 4 years | | *Growth plates remain open for up to 4 years |
| *Disorganised proliferating chondrocytes | | *Disorganised proliferating chondrocytes |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| | | |
| ====Pituitary gigantism (Acromegaly)==== | | ====Pituitary gigantism (Acromegaly)==== |
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| *Overgrowth of cranial bones, chin, hands and feet | | *Overgrowth of cranial bones, chin, hands and feet |
| *Reported in dogs '''?(and cats)?''' | | *Reported in dogs '''?(and cats)?''' |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
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| *Skeletal abnormalities | | *Skeletal abnormalities |
| *In neonatal foals, Giant Schnauzers and Scottish Deerhounds | | *In neonatal foals, Giant Schnauzers and Scottish Deerhounds |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| | | |
| ====Hyperthyroidism==== | | ====Hyperthyroidism==== |
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− | ===Gonads=== | + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | ===[[Gonadal Effect on Bones]]=== |
| | | |
| *Oestrogen and androgens | | *Oestrogen and androgens |
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| **Inhibits [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclasts]] | | **Inhibits [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclasts]] |
| *'''Hypogonadism''' in growing skeleton -> delayed epiphyseal closure and skeletal maturation | | *'''Hypogonadism''' in growing skeleton -> delayed epiphyseal closure and skeletal maturation |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
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| **Causes [[Bones Degenerative - Pathology#Osteoporosis (Atrophy)|osteoporosis]] | | **Causes [[Bones Degenerative - Pathology#Osteoporosis (Atrophy)|osteoporosis]] |
| **Reported in dogs with Cushing's disease | | **Reported in dogs with Cushing's disease |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
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| ******Replacement by proliferative tissue | | ******Replacement by proliferative tissue |
| ****Often called '''''Osteodystrophia fibrosa''''' | | ****Often called '''''Osteodystrophia fibrosa''''' |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| | | |
| ===Rickets=== | | ===Rickets=== |
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| *In Puppies, Kittens and Piglets | | *In Puppies, Kittens and Piglets |
| **Rapid growth, weaned early -> fulminating rickets if poor exposure to sunlight and lack of vitamin D in diet | | **Rapid growth, weaned early -> fulminating rickets if poor exposure to sunlight and lack of vitamin D in diet |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| | | |
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| **Vitamin d is also present in sun-dried hay | | **Vitamin d is also present in sun-dried hay |
| **Mostly seen where there is long grass growing season with poor sunlight | | **Mostly seen where there is long grass growing season with poor sunlight |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| | | |
| ===Hypovitaminosis A=== | | ===Hypovitaminosis A=== |
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| *Dietary deficiency -> failure of [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclastic remodelling]] resulting in bone overgrowth and nerve compression | | *Dietary deficiency -> failure of [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclastic remodelling]] resulting in bone overgrowth and nerve compression |
| *Optic nerves particularly affected | | *Optic nerves particularly affected |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
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| **Vertebrae fuse with each other due to bone proliferation - '''cervical spondylosis''' ('''ankylosing exostosis''' of the vertebral column), especially in the neck | | **Vertebrae fuse with each other due to bone proliferation - '''cervical spondylosis''' ('''ankylosing exostosis''' of the vertebral column), especially in the neck |
| *Can also be teratogenic, especially in pigs ([[Cleft Palate|cleft plate]] and abortions) | | *Can also be teratogenic, especially in pigs ([[Cleft Palate|cleft plate]] and abortions) |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| | | |
| | | |
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| ***Mineralisation of soft tissues, especially [[Arterial Calcification|blood vessel walls]] | | ***Mineralisation of soft tissues, especially [[Arterial Calcification|blood vessel walls]] |
| **Due to inhibition of [[Calcium|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)|PTH]] and increase of [[Calcium#Calcitonin|calcitonin]] | | **Due to inhibition of [[Calcium|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)|PTH]] and increase of [[Calcium#Calcitonin|calcitonin]] |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| | | |
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| ***Most affected are metatarsals and mandibles | | ***Most affected are metatarsals and mandibles |
| ***Periosteal hyperostosis + endosteal bone resorption -> thickened bones with enlarged marrow cavities | | ***Periosteal hyperostosis + endosteal bone resorption -> thickened bones with enlarged marrow cavities |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| | | |
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| ** -> Lead induced malfunction of osteoclasts | | ** -> Lead induced malfunction of osteoclasts |
| ** -> Transverse band of increased density on radiographs of metaphysis = "lead line" = [[Retention of Elongated Primary Trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]] | | ** -> Transverse band of increased density on radiographs of metaphysis = "lead line" = [[Retention of Elongated Primary Trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]] |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] |
| + | |
| + | |
| | | |
| [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]] | | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]] |