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Bones Metabolic - Pathology (view source)

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===[[Hypovitaminosis A]]===

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===Hypervitaminosis D===

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===[[Hypervitaminosis D]]===

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*May be of dietary or iatrogenic origin (has narrow safety margin)

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*Key features are hypercalcaemia with metastatic calcification of soft tissues

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*'''Acute poisoning'''

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**In dogs and cats often from rodenticides containing cholecalciferol

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**Grossly:

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***Gastrointestinal haemorrhage

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***Foci of [[Myocardial Mineralisation|myocardial discoloration]]

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**Microscopically:

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***Mucosal haemorrhage

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***Necrosis of crypts

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***Focal myocardial necrosis

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***Mineralisation of intestinal mucosa, [[Arterial Calcification#Medial calcification|blood vessel walls]], [[Pulmonary Calcification|lungs]] and kidneys

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*'''Chronic poisoning'''

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**Grossly:

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***Intense [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclastic activity]] -> active resorption of bone, especially [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|trabecular]]

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**Microscopically:

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***Excessive production of [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoid]] - appears both eosinophilic and basophilic in different places

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***Marrow cavity may be obliterated

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***Mineralisation of soft tissues, especially [[Arterial Calcification|blood vessel walls]]

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**Due to inhibition of [[Calcium|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)|PTH]] and increase of [[Calcium#Calcitonin|calcitonin]]

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~~[[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]]~~

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~~[[Category:Toxicology]]~~

===Fluorine poisoning===

Bara

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