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Also know as: '''''Contagious Pustular Dermatitis — CPD — Contagious Ecthyma — Scabby Mouth'''''

Also know as: '''''Contagious Pustular Dermatitis - Contagious Ecthyma - Scabby Mouth'''''

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

 

Orf is the most common viral '''zoonosis''' in the UK. It causes an acute debilitating but rarely fatal skin disease of sheep, goats and incidentally of ruminants and humans. It is a Parapox virus of the family [[Poxviridae]] and infects by entering a skin lesion in places such as the udder, mouth and throat. These lesions then coalesce to form scabbed masses. It is of particular concern in lambs as mouth lesions prevent them from suckling due to pain. If the sheep has lesions on her udder she is also unlikely to want to let her lambs suckle.  

Orf is the most common viral '''zoonosis''' in the UK. It causes an acute debilitating but rarely fatal skin disease of sheep, goats and incidentally of ruminants and humans. It is a Parapox virus of the family [[Poxviridae]] and infects by entering a skin lesion in places such as the udder, mouth and throat. These lesions then coalesce to form scabbed masses. It is of particular concern in lambs as mouth lesions prevent them from suckling due to pain. If the sheep has lesions on her udder she is also unlikely to want to let her lambs suckle.  

== Diagnosis ==

== Diagnosis ==

Differential diagnoses include [[Sheep Pox]], which is a more severe disease characterized by elevated papules distributed diffusely over the skin surface and high mortality rates are seen. Ulcerative dermatosis is another differential and is also characterized by ulcers and crusts on the skin of the face, feet and genitalia, however the lesions are not elevated because there is no epithelial hyperplasia. [[Bluetongue Virus]] is another differential. There is lower morbidity but a high mortality and the disease is usually seen in adult animals. Mycotic dermatitis is a differential although the scabs are smaller and thinner and lighter and usually yellowish in color, with crusts not firmly attached. [[Foot and Mouth Disease|Foot and mouth disease]] can be a differential when lesions occur in the mouth.

Differential diagnoses include [[Sheep Pox]], which is a more severe disease characterized by elevated papules distributed diffusely over the skin surface and high mortality rates are seen. Ulcerative dermatosis is another differential and is also characterized by ulcers and crusts on the skin of the face, feet and genitalia, however the lesions are not elevated because there is no epithelial hyperplasia. [[Bluetongue Virus]] is another differential. There is lower morbidity but a high mortality and the disease is usually seen in adult animals. Mycotic dermatitis is a differential although the scabs are smaller and thinner and lighter and usually yellowish in color, with crusts not firmly attached. [[Foot and Mouth Disease|Foot and mouth disease]] can be a differential when lesions occur in the mouth.

Attenuated virus can be applied by scarification to axillar or tail base, causing scabs to fall off in 30 days. Annual '''vaccination''' of ewes at least 8 weeks before lambing (all in contact should be done simultaneously) is required. In an outbreak, all lambs can be vaccinated .

Attenuated virus can be applied by scarification to axillar or tail base, causing scabs to fall off in 30 days. Annual '''vaccination''' of ewes at least 8 weeks before lambing (all in contact should be done simultaneously) is required. In an outbreak, all lambs can be vaccinated .

== References ==

== References ==

[[Category:Poxviridae]] [[Category:Sheep_Viruses]] [[Category:Goat_Viruses]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Proliferative_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Goat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Goat]]

[[Category:Poxviridae]] [[Category:Sheep_Viruses]] [[Category:Goat_Viruses]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Proliferative_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Goat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Goat]]