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Bovine Adenovirus belong to the family [[Adenoviridae]].

Bovine Adenovirus belong to the family [[Adenoviridae]].

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Bovine adenoviruses have been isolated from healthy cattle, but more often, the isolations are associated with some form of clinical disease. Most adenovirus infections in cattle involve either the respiratory (e.g. [[Rhinitis#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]) or gastrointestinal tracts. In addition there have been reports of adenovirus associated with conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and weak calf syndrome. It is now also thought to contribute to the disease complex [[Enzootic Pneumonia - calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]].

Bovine adenoviruses have been isolated from healthy cattle, but more often, the isolations are associated with some form of clinical disease. Most adenovirus infections in cattle involve either the respiratory (e.g. [[Rhinitis#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]) or gastrointestinal tracts. In addition there have been reports of adenovirus associated with conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and weak calf syndrome. It is now also thought to contribute to the disease complex [[Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]].

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Currently the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recognizes 10 types in cattle (Benkö et al., 2000).  

Currently the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recognizes 10 types in cattle (Benkö et al., 2000).  

Bovine adenoviruses are found worldwide as indicated by either serology or virus isolation, and they are particularly widespread in Central America and Africa. BadV antibodies have been found in sera in virtually every cattle population tested.

Bovine adenoviruses are found worldwide as indicated by either serology or virus isolation, and they are particularly widespread in Central America and Africa. BadV antibodies have been found in sera in virtually every cattle population tested.

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==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

The respiratory and enteric tracts are the primary targets for adenovirus infection. Infection with adenovirus usually results in cell lysis and virus shedding, but some cells accumulate virus particles in the nucleus without lysis establishing persistent infections. Respiratory and faecal shedding usually last for about 10 days and, where the kidney is involved, virus can be excreted for over 10 weeks in urine (Aldásy et al., 1965). With persistent infection, lysis of fragile infected cells produces virus-shedding resulting in infection of susceptible animals that come in contact with the virus.

The respiratory and enteric tracts are the primary targets for adenovirus infection. Infection with adenovirus usually results in cell lysis and virus shedding, but some cells accumulate virus particles in the nucleus without lysis establishing persistent infections. Respiratory and faecal shedding usually last for about 10 days and, where the kidney is involved, virus can be excreted for over 10 weeks in urine (Aldásy et al., 1965). With persistent infection, lysis of fragile infected cells produces virus-shedding resulting in infection of susceptible animals that come in contact with the virus.