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| − | ===Interstitial nephritis===
| + | #redirect[[Interstitial Nephritis]] |
| − | Interstitial nephritis can be classified as acute, chronic, suppurative or nonsuppurative. Fibrosis occurs as well as tubular degeneration and atrophy. Infectious, toxic, immunologic and chemical aetiologies have been implicated.
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| − | ====Nonsuppurative====
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| − | *Nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis can be either acute, subacute or chronic.
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| − | '''Gross pathology'''
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| − | *In acute cases, the kidneys are often enlarged and have pale cortices with a streaked appearance.
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| − | *In chronic cases, shrinkage of the kidney as well as extensive fibrosis and capsular adhesions occurs.
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| − | '''Histopathology'''
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| − | *Presence of inflammatory cells in the interstitium.
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| − | *Degenerative changes of the tubular epithelium.
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| − | *Presences of fibrous tissue due to repair attempts by the kidney.
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| − | '''Examples'''
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| − | *'White spot' kidney of calves and [[:Category:Leptospiraceae|''Leptospira canicola'']] infection are both examples of nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis.
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| − | **White spot kidney is common and usually an incidental finding. Kidneys have multiple small, white, slightly raised nodules throughout the cortex. The cause is likely a sequel to previous bacteraemia.
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| − | *[[:Category:Leptospiraceae|''Leptospira canicola'']] in the dog is also another good example. It localises in the renal capillaries then migrates to the tubules via the interstitium. Necrosis of the tubular epithelium occurs as well as a pronounced interstitial inflammatory reaction. In chronic cases, fibrosis and widespread degenerative changes are seen. The liver, csf and placenta can also be affected.
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| − | *If the condition is chronic, marked interstitial fibrosis can be seen as well as degenerative changes in the tubules.
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| − | ====Suppurative====
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| − | *Suppurative interstitial nephritis follows bacteraemia or embolic septicaemia.
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| − | *Can be haematogenous or urogenous in origin.
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| − | *If large thrombi lodge in the afferent vessels, infarction may occur.
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| − | *Bacteria lodge within the glomeruli and peritubular capillaries.
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| − | *Abscesses may occur in the glomeruli or interstitium.
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| − | *Examples include ''Actinobacillus equuli'' in foals, ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' in pigs,
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| − | [[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacterium pyogenes'']] in cattle and ''[[Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis]]'' in sheep/goats.
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| − | [[Category:Tubulointerstitial Disease]]
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| − | [[Category:To Do - Urinary]]
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