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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Canine papillomas are small, warts that occur on the muzzle and in the oropharynx of 4- 6 week old puppies.
Canine papillomas are small, warts that occur on the muzzle and in the oropharynx of 4 - 6 week old puppies.
The virus is of the family papillomaviridae and affects the stratified squamous and/or mucosal epithelium and grows slowly. The viruses in this family are species specific and transfer is usually by direct contact, however, the virus can survive for long periods of time in the environment and can also be spread by fomites. The virus persists even when warts have resolved, giving life long immunity and antibody protection.
The virus is of the family [[:Category:Papomaviridae|Papillomaviridae]] and affects the stratified squamous and/or mucosal epithelium and grows slowly. The viruses in this family are species specific and transfer is usually by direct contact, however, the virus can survive for long periods of time in the environment and can also be spread by fomites. The virus persists even when warts have resolved, giving life long immunity and antibody protection.
== Signalment ==
This virus occurs only in dogs. There is no breed or sex predilection, but the virus does usually occur in puppies aged 4 - 6 weeks old.
== <br>Signalment <br> ==
== Clinical Signs ==
Warts on the muzzle and in the oral cavity of dogs. Can prevent suckling/ eating properly if very severe in the oral cavity.
Warts on the muzzle and in the oral cavity of dogs. Can prevent suckling/ eating properly if very severe in the oral cavity.
== Diagnosis ==
Clinical signs and signalment of the dog are all that is required for diagnosis.
== <br>Diagnosis <br> ==
== Treatment and Control ==
These papillomas usually resolve spontaneously and no treatment is required, it is merely a cosmetic problem.
== References ==
Bridger, J. and Russell, P (2007) '''Virology Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College''
Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine '''(6th edition, volume 2) ''W.B. Saunders Company ''
Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine''' (Fourth Edition) ''Mosby Elsevier''
[[Category:Nasopharynx_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Papomaviridae]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Review]] [[Category:Respiratory_System_-_Hyperplastic/Neoplastic_Pathology]]
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[[Category:Nasopharynx_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Papomaviridae]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Dog]] [[Category:Respiratory_System_-_Hyperplastic/Neoplastic_Pathology]]