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On histology of penile and preputial epithelium, lymphoid aggregates may be identifiable. The inflammatory response in the female tract is similar and also non-specific, beginning neutrophilic and becoming a mixed infiltrate by the sixth week of infection. Infiltrates often surround the uterine glands in the stratum spongiosum and mast cells decline in number. By the twelfth week, cellularity has returned to normal.  
 
On histology of penile and preputial epithelium, lymphoid aggregates may be identifiable. The inflammatory response in the female tract is similar and also non-specific, beginning neutrophilic and becoming a mixed infiltrate by the sixth week of infection. Infiltrates often surround the uterine glands in the stratum spongiosum and mast cells decline in number. By the twelfth week, cellularity has returned to normal.  
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Immunohistochemistry may revel soluble antigen (SGA) within the epithelial cells, which is originally shed from the surface of T foetus.
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Immunohistochemistry may reveal soluble antigen (SGA) within the epithelial cells, which is originally shed from the surface of T foetus.
 
Parasite IgG and IgA can be found in vaginal secretions andserum complement fixation assays performed.
 
Parasite IgG and IgA can be found in vaginal secretions andserum complement fixation assays performed.
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=Treatment=
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==Treatment==
 
Only bulls are usually treated.
 
Only bulls are usually treated.
Treatments of choice which are proven to be effective in –vivo are acriflavine ointment applied topically to the glans penis, shaft and prepuce and nitromidazole compound given orally or topically in solution.  
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Treatments of choice which are proven to be effective in vivo are acriflavine ointment applied topically to the glans penis, shaft and prepuce and nitromidazole compound given orally or topically in solution.  
 
Note that nitrimadazoles are illegal in food animals in some countries and that precautions should be taken when applying acriflavine due to its staining and irritant nature.
 
Note that nitrimadazoles are illegal in food animals in some countries and that precautions should be taken when applying acriflavine due to its staining and irritant nature.
  
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