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[[File:campylo.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter fetus'' Janice Carr 2004, wikimedia commons]]

[[File:campylo.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter fetus'' Janice Carr 2004, wikimedia commons]]

''Campylobacter fetus'', has the subspecies [[Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus|''fetus'']] and ''venerealis'', belonging to the genus [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']]. ''Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis'' causes venereal infection in cattle and infertility in female cattle.

''Campylobacter fetus'', has the subspecies [[Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus|''fetus'']] and ''venerealis'', belonging to the genus [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']]. ''Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis'' causes venereal infection in cattle and infertility in female cattle.

Bulls are known as carriers as the bacteria is found in glandular crypts of the bulls prepuce; with no clinical signs. ''Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis'' is therefore spread by coitus or rarely by artificial insemination. It causes catarrhal inflammation in the female genital tract, temporary infertility and prolonged oestrus cycle. [[Endometritis]] prevents implantation until the infection is cleared and causes early embryonic death and occasionally sporadic abortion.

Bulls are carriers of the disease as they show no clinical signs but bacteria can be found in the glandular crypts of the bulls prepuce. ''Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis'' is therefore spread by coitus or rarely by artificial insemination. It causes catarrhal inflammation in the female genital tract, temporary infertility and prolonged oestrus cycle. [[Endometritis]] prevents implantation until the infection is cleared and causes early embryonic death and occasionally sporadic abortion.

The cow may remain infertile for 3-5 months before immunity develops, which then lasts 4-5 years. Effective immunity includes induction of [[IgA]] in the vagina and [[IgG]] in the uterus.

The cow may remain infertile for 3-5 months before immunity develops, which then lasts 4-5 years. Effective immunity includes induction of [[IgA]] in the vagina and [[IgG]] in the uterus.

The bacteria may persist in the vagina and be transmitted to bulls.

The bacteria may persist in the vagina and be transmitted to bulls.