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''M. hyosynovia'' and ''M. hyorhinis'' are species of ''[[Mycoplasmas species - Overview|Mycoplasmas]]''. They produce syndromes similar to [[Haemophilus parasuis|Glasser's disease]] with milder expression, rarely menigitis and arthritis.
Also Known As –''''' Mycoplasma arthritis – Mycoplasma septicaemia – Mycoplasmal polyserositis'''''
==Introduction==
''M. hyorhinis'' causes a chronic progressive polyserositis in pigs under 10 weeks old resulting in a fever, laboured breathing, lameness and swollen joints. Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis and [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis]] occur.
''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' is a common [[Bacteria | bacterial]] '''commensal''' of pig’s respiratory tracts and an occasional cause of '''polyarthritis and polyserositis''' in young pigs.
Treatment includes tylosin and lincomycin.
''M. hyorhinis'' is commonly associated with other pathogens, exacerbating and facilitating disease, especially ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'', the principle cause of [[Enzootic Pneumonia–Pigs]], ''[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Arcanobacterium pyogenes]]''.
''M. hyorhinis'' is also implicated in many severe cases of [[Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome]].
==Pathogenesis==
Clinical Disease is most common in '''young pigs under 10 weeks old'''.
Antigens persist in the tissues, especially the joints, long after infection has resolved, stimulating '''auto-immune mechanisms''' which further damage the joints, causing damage which may be permanent.
==Disease==
Chronic '''progressive polyserositis''' in pigs under 10 weeks old
'''Lameness and swollen joints,''' arthrogryposis
Fever
'''Laboured breathing, tachycardia'''
'''Aural discharge''' with a foul odour and deafness
Otitis media may cause a head tilt and vestibular signs.
Dysphagia and vomiting/regurgitation
Neurological and ocular signs
Rough, dull, staring hair coat
'''Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis and peritonitis'''.
==Diagnosis==
'''Joint fluid, synovial membranes and samples from the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum''' can be used for '''culture''' of ''M. hyorhinis''.
Immunofluorescent Antibody Testing '''(IFAT)''' is also possible.
Complement Fixation and Haemagglutination can be performed for serological diagnosis but are not widely available.
Antibodies can be detected in serum and synovial fluid, but not until 6 weeks post-infection.
==Treatment==
A variety of antibiotics are effective, including '''tetracycline, tiamulin, enrofloxacin, tylosin and lincomycin.'''
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Mycoplasma hyorhinis Flashcards]]
}}
==References==
<references/>
Animal Health & Production Compendium, Mycoplasma hyorhinis datasheet, accessed 15/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
[[Category:To Do - Steph]]
[[Category:To Do – CABI review]]