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|species = Actinobacillus suis
|species = Actinobacillus suis
}}
}}
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
''A.Suis'' can be found worldwide in both healthy and diseased animals which are genetically and biochemically similar. Wild hosts include anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Coypu] but A.suis can also affect domestic species including dogs, cats, horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, alpacas and zebu.
''A.Suis'' can be found worldwide in both healthy and diseased animals which are genetically and biochemically similar. Wild hosts include anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Coypu] but A.suis can also affect domestic species including dogs, cats, [[Actinobacillus equuli| horses]], [[Actinobacillosis - Cattle| cattle]], sheep, goats, alpacas and zebu.
High health status herds with lower immune challenges are more at risk then conventional herds. Piglets from high health status herds can suddenly die without any premonitory signs. Excessive temperature fluctuation, high humidity, mixing of pigs of different ages and overcrowding may also have an important role in the development of disease.
High health status herds with lower immune challenges are more at risk then conventional herds. Piglets from high health status herds can suddenly die without any premonitory signs. Excessive temperature fluctuation, high humidity, mixing of pigs of different ages and overcrowding may also have an important role in the development of disease.
==Clinical Signs==
==Clinical Signs==
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis can be difficult as it shares clinical signs with pathogens, such as ''Streptococcus suis'' and ''Haemophilus parasuis'', both being able to induce a septicaemic infection with sudden death. Infection can be confirmed by the isolation of ''A. suis'', from culturing different tissues of affected organs on post mortem.
Diagnosis can be difficult as it shares clinical signs with pathogens, such as ''Streptococcus suis'' and ''Haemophilus parasuis'', both being able to induce a septicaemic infection with sudden death. Infection can be confirmed by the isolation of ''A. suis'', from culturing different tissues of affected organs on post mortem.
'''Differential diagnosis''': ''A. pleuropneumoniae'', ''Erysipelas'', ''Glasser’s disease'', ''Streptococcus suis'', and ''Mulberry heart disease''.
'''Differential diagnosis''': [[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae| ''A. pleuropneumoniae'']], [[Erysipelas - Pig
| ''Erysipelas'']], [[Glasser's Disease| ''Glasser’s disease'']], [[Streptococcus suis| ''Streptococcus suis'']], and [[Mulberry Heart Disease| ''Mulberry heart disease'']].
On post-mortem serous or fibrinous exudates can be found in the thorax and pericardium and ecchymotic haemorrhages can be seen in kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen and other organisms.
On post-mortem serous or fibrinous exudates can be found in the thorax and pericardium and ecchymotic haemorrhages can be seen in kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen and other organisms.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
''A.suis'' has good sensitivity to ceftioufur, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and moderate sensitivity to ampicillin, neomycin, sulfadimethoxine and tiamulin. Culture and sensitivity is recommended.
''A.suis'' has good sensitivity to ceftioufur, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and moderate sensitivity to ampicillin, neomycin, sulfadimethoxine and tiamulin. Culture and sensitivity is recommended.
==Control==
==Control==
Routine biosecurity and disinfection should be followed and maintained. At present there is no commercial vaccine for ''A. suis'' Radostitis et al, 2007 but there is evidence that autogenous vaccines in a herd could help stabilize antibody levels in the whole population Lapointe et al., 2001.
Routine biosecurity and disinfection should be followed and maintained. At present there is no commercial vaccine for ''A. suis'' <ref>Radostitis, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., and Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. (10th Edition). Saunders, 1052-1053. </ref> but there is evidence that autogenous vaccines in a herd could help stabilize antibody levels in the whole population <ref>Lapointe L, D'Allaire S, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, 2001. Serologic profile of a cohort of pigs and antibody response to an autogenous vaccine for Actinobacillus suis. Veterinary Research, 32(2):175-183; 18 ref.</ref>.
==References==
==References==
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