Changes

<FlashCard questions="11">

<FlashCard questions="14">

|q1=Name the virus that causes avian encephalomyeltits (AE)?

|q1=Name the virus that causes avian encephalomyeltits (AE)?

|a1=Avian encephalomyelitis-like virus 1 (AEV).

|a1=Avian encephalomyelitis-like virus 1 (AEV).

*Surviving chicks are considered unlikely to be profitable

*Surviving chicks are considered unlikely to be profitable

|l5=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Introduction

|l5=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Introduction

 

|q6= How is AE spread and what is its epidemiology?

|q3= How is AE spread and what is its epidemiology?

|a6=

|a3=

*Horizontally via faecal-oral route (main route of infection)

*Horizontally via faecal-oral route (main route of infection)

*Vertical transmission from infected layer to their chicks

*Vertical transmission from infected layer to their chicks

*The virus replicates in the epithial cells of the alimentary tract and is circulated in the bloodstream to other organs and the central nervous system (CNS). The virus is shed within 3 days of oral ingestion and in young chicks can continue to be shed for over two weeks. Shedding ceases once specific antibody's are produced.

*The virus replicates in the epithial cells of the alimentary tract and is circulated in the bloodstream to other organs and the central nervous system (CNS). The virus is shed within 3 days of oral ingestion and in young chicks can continue to be shed for over two weeks. Shedding ceases once specific antibody's are produced.

 

|l6= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Introduction

|l3= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Introduction

|q7= What species of birds does AE affect?

|q4= What species of birds does AE affect?

|a7=  

|a4=  

*Chickens (main domestic host)

*Chickens (main domestic host)

*Species of partridge

*Species of partridge

*Guineafowl

*Guineafowl

*Pheasants

*Pheasants

|l4= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Signalment

|l7= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Signalment

|q5=What are the clinical signs of AE?

|q8=What are the clinical signs of AE?

|a5= AE causes the most serious disease in chicks under 3 weeks of age.  The clinical signs for this age group are:

|a8= AE causes the most serious disease in chicks under 3 weeks of age.  The clinical signs for this age group are:

*neurological signs ranging from ataxia, rapid tremor of the head and neck, drooping of the wings, weakness, paralysis, exercise intolerance to blindness and changes in vocalisation.

*neurological signs ranging from ataxia, rapid tremor of the head and neck, drooping of the wings, weakness, paralysis, exercise intolerance to blindness and changes in vocalisation.

*Weight loss, lameness, and unthriftiness

*Weight loss, lameness, and unthriftiness

*Decrease in droppings

*Decrease in droppings

*Decrease in hatching rates

*Decrease in hatching rates

|l5= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Clinical Signs

|l8= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Clinical Signs

|q6= How can AE be diagnosed?

|q9= How can AE be diagnosed?

|a6=

|a9=

The following methods have been used to help diagnose Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE):

The following methods have been used to help diagnose Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE):

*Virus Neutralization test

*Virus Neutralization test

*Proventriculus (dense nodules within the muscular wall)

*Proventriculus (dense nodules within the muscular wall)

*Lesions can also be present in the pancreas

*Lesions can also be present in the pancreas

|l6= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Diagnosis

|l9= Avian Encephalomyelitis#Diagnosis

|q7=What is the distribution of AE?

|q10=What is the distribution of AE?

|a7=Worldwide, the disease has been documented in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America.

|a10=Worldwide, the disease has been documented in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America.

|l7=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Distribution

|l10=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Distribution

|q8=What is the treatment for AE?

|q11=What is the treatment for AE?

|a8=There is no treatment for chicks infected with avian encephalomyelitis (AE).  

|a11=There is no treatment for chicks infected with avian encephalomyelitis (AE).  

|l8=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Treatment

|l11=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Treatment

|q9=Can chicken and surviving chicks become immune to AEV?

|q12=Can chicken and surviving chicks become immune to AEV?

|a9=Yes, surviving chicks, infected hens and birds that have been vaccinated will be immune to AE for life.  

|a12=Yes, surviving chicks, infected hens and birds that have been vaccinated will be immune to AE for life.  

|l9=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Treatment

|l12=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Treatment

|q10=How many serotypes are there for AEV?

|q13=How many serotypes are there for AEV?

|a10=There is only one serotype for the AEV.  

|a13=There is only one serotype for the AEV.  

|l10=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Control

|l13=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Control

|q11=How can AE be controlled?

|q14=How can AE be controlled?

|a11=Vaccination of pullets several weeks before they come into lay. Vaccination protects the flock from a reduction in egg production and prevents vertical transmission of the virus to chicks by providing the chicks with a sufficient level of maternal derived antibodies. There are live and attenuated vaccinations available which can be administered in drinking water or as an eye drop, the latter being more effective.   

|a14=Vaccination of pullets several weeks before they come into lay. Vaccination protects the flock from a reduction in egg production and prevents vertical transmission of the virus to chicks by providing the chicks with a sufficient level of maternal derived antibodies. There are live and attenuated vaccinations available which can be administered in drinking water or as an eye drop, the latter being more effective.   

|l11=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Control

|l14=Avian Encephalomyelitis#Control

</FlashCard>

</FlashCard>