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| ==Grass== | | ==Grass== |
− | [[File:Grass.jpg|right|200px]] | + | [[File:Grasshastie.jpg|Grass|200px]] |
| ===Characteristics=== | | ===Characteristics=== |
| Typically based on ryegrass, but often mixed swards with cocksfoot, fescues, timothy, and legumes (e.g. clover). It is present in rough/hill grazing (often with heather, rushes, mosses), permanent pasture and rotational leys, the latter often high yielding italian or perennial ryegrass monocultures. | | Typically based on ryegrass, but often mixed swards with cocksfoot, fescues, timothy, and legumes (e.g. clover). It is present in rough/hill grazing (often with heather, rushes, mosses), permanent pasture and rotational leys, the latter often high yielding italian or perennial ryegrass monocultures. |
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| ==Silage and Haylage== <!----Write below this line---> | | ==Silage and Haylage== <!----Write below this line---> |
− | [[File:Windrows in Cumbria.jpg|Silage|right|200px]] | + | [[File:Big bale silage2.jpg|Silage|200px]] |
| + | [[File:Big bale silage.jpg|Big Bale Silage|200px]] |
| ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> | | ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> |
| Silage is a fermented crop with a low dry matter content. It is cut at a relatively early stage of development and stored under anaerobic conditions (clamp or big bale). Haylage is similar to silage but is often cut at a more mature stage and is typically baled. Haylage has a higher pH and DM than silage and can often be of more variable quality. With horses haylage is typically preferred (by owners) to silage. | | Silage is a fermented crop with a low dry matter content. It is cut at a relatively early stage of development and stored under anaerobic conditions (clamp or big bale). Haylage is similar to silage but is often cut at a more mature stage and is typically baled. Haylage has a higher pH and DM than silage and can often be of more variable quality. With horses haylage is typically preferred (by owners) to silage. |
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| ==Hay== <!----Write below this line---> | | ==Hay== <!----Write below this line---> |
− | [[File:Hay Bales.jpg|Hay|right|200px]] | + | [[File:Hayhastie.jpg|Hay|200px]] |
| + | [[File:Hay3.jpg|Hay|200px]] |
| ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> | | ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> |
| Hay is dried grass, either naturally or artificially (dependent on the weather). It is cut at a relatively late stage of maturity and is typically of variable quality in colour and smell, and nutritive value. There are various types of hay such as ryegrass, meadow, and timothy. <br> | | Hay is dried grass, either naturally or artificially (dependent on the weather). It is cut at a relatively late stage of maturity and is typically of variable quality in colour and smell, and nutritive value. There are various types of hay such as ryegrass, meadow, and timothy. <br> |
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| ==Straw== <!----Write below this line---> | | ==Straw== <!----Write below this line---> |
− | [[File:Single straw.svg|right|200px]] | + | [[File:Straw1.jpg|200px]] |
| + | [[File:Straw4.jpg|200px]] |
| ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> | | ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> |
| Straw (usually barley or oat for feed) can be treated with alkali, urea or ammonia. It is commonly used as a roughage source for growing ruminants, and especially animals being reared in cereal beef systems. | | Straw (usually barley or oat for feed) can be treated with alkali, urea or ammonia. It is commonly used as a roughage source for growing ruminants, and especially animals being reared in cereal beef systems. |
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| ==Whole-Crop Cereal Silage== <!----Write below this line---> | | ==Whole-Crop Cereal Silage== <!----Write below this line---> |
− | [[File:Near Knaps of Bedlam - geograph.org.uk - 1304243.jpg|200px|right]] | + | [[File:Near Knaps of Bedlam - geograph.org.uk - 1304243.jpg|200px]] |
| ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> | | ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> |
| Maize whole-crop silage has high energy concentration while having a low protein concentration. It is harvested when grain is in the late dough stage. Barley, oats, wheat, and triticale are also used for whole-crop cereal silage either as monocultures or mixed with legumes (e.g. peas) to improve protein content. They are also high in energy while low in protein. Whole-crop cereal silages are fed as sole forage or mixed with grass silage. | | Maize whole-crop silage has high energy concentration while having a low protein concentration. It is harvested when grain is in the late dough stage. Barley, oats, wheat, and triticale are also used for whole-crop cereal silage either as monocultures or mixed with legumes (e.g. peas) to improve protein content. They are also high in energy while low in protein. Whole-crop cereal silages are fed as sole forage or mixed with grass silage. |
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| ==Clovers and Lucerne== | | ==Clovers and Lucerne== |
− | <gallery>
| + | [[File:Clover.jpg|Red clover|200px]] |
− | File:Whiteclover.jpg|White Clover | + | [[File:White Clover(Trifolium repens).jpg|White Clover|200px]] |
− | File:Alfalfa.jpg|Lucerne | + | [[File:Lucerne flowers.jpg|Lucerne|200px]] |
− | </gallery>
| |
| ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> | | ===Characteristics===<!----Write below this line---> |
− | Clovers are either white or red varieties. Clovers and Lucerne (aka Alfalfa) have a higher protein concentration and a higher mineral concentration (e.g. calcium) than grasses. Lucerne can be grazed or conserved as a monoculture. Lucernes also have a higher protein concentration than grasses. Legume silages tend to be more difficult to achieve a good fermentation, inoculants are usually required. | + | Clovers are either white or red varieties. Clovers and Lucerne (aka Alfalfa) have a higher protein concentration and a higher mineral concentration (e.g. calcium) than grasses. Lucerne can be grazed or conserved as a monoculture. Lucernes also have a higher protein concentration than grasses. Lucerne silages tend to be more difficult to achieve a good fermentation, inoculants are usually required. |
| <br> | | <br> |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
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| |} | | |} |
| <br> | | <br> |
| + | |
| ===Associated Problems===<!----Write below this line---> | | ===Associated Problems===<!----Write below this line---> |
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| ==Kale and Rape== | | ==Kale and Rape== |
− | [[File:Kale1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kale]][[File:Rape.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Rape]] | + | [[File:Kale1.jpg||200px|Kale]] |
| ===Characteristics=== | | ===Characteristics=== |
| Kale and rape are considered good, digestible fodder. They have a higher protein concentration, carbohydrate concentration and calcium concentration than grasses. Rape has a higher protein concentration than kale. | | Kale and rape are considered good, digestible fodder. They have a higher protein concentration, carbohydrate concentration and calcium concentration than grasses. Rape has a higher protein concentration than kale. |
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| Goitrogenic. Haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria. Feed to pregnant ewes with caution (can observe malformed, dead lambs at parturition). | | Goitrogenic. Haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria. Feed to pregnant ewes with caution (can observe malformed, dead lambs at parturition). |
| <br><br><br> | | <br><br><br> |
| + | {{Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Large Animal Nutrition Flashcards]] |
| + | }} |
| | | |
− | [[Category:Animal Nutrition]] | + | [[Category:Large Animal Nutrition]] |
| [[Category:To Do]] | | [[Category:To Do]] |