Changes

Clinical signs are suggestive but not diagnostic of TCE or PEMS. Starvation and other viral pathogens can appear very similarly.

Clinical signs are suggestive but not diagnostic of TCE or PEMS. Starvation and other viral pathogens can appear very similarly.

At '''post-mortem''', birds with TCE have '''swollen, pale, flaccid duodenums and jejunums with a mononuclear cell infiltrate''' intraluminally. Epithelial lesions are most severe in the jejunum. '''Villous stunting and atrophy''' is evident on histological analysis. Nucleoli may appear pronounced in infected cells. Goblet cells decrease in number and epithelial separation may be seen.<ref>Adams, N. R., Ball, R. A., Hofstad, M. S (1970) '''Intestinal lesions in transmissible enteritis of turkeys.''' ''Avian Diseases'', 14:392-399.</ref>

At '''post-mortem''', birds with TCE have '''swollen, pale, flaccid duodenums and jejunums with a mononuclear cell infiltrate''' intraluminally. Epithelial lesions are most severe in the jejunum. '''Villous stunting and atrophy''' is evident on histological analysis. Nucleoli may appear pronounced in infected cells. Goblet cells decrease in number and epithelial separation may be seen.

'''Electron microscopy''' can be used to look for coronaviral particles in gut contents but this is often challenging. '''Indirect [[Immunofluorescence]] and immunoperoxidase staining''' using antibodies from convalescent turkeys can demonstrate TCoV in intestinal sections. A '''modified [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' is capable of detecting antibodies to TCoV, derived from a commercially available test, which is promising for disease screening in the future. '''Reverse PCR''' designed for [[Avian Infectious Bronchitis|IBV]] can also be used successfully for TCoV.

'''Electron microscopy''' can be used to look for coronaviral particles in gut contents but this is often challenging. '''Indirect [[Immunofluorescence]] and immunoperoxidase staining''' using antibodies from convalescent turkeys can demonstrate TCoV in intestinal sections. A '''modified [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' is capable of detecting antibodies to TCoV, derived from a commercially available test, which is promising for disease screening in the future. '''Reverse PCR''' designed for [[Avian Infectious Bronchitis|IBV]] can also be used successfully for TCoV.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Ameliorative therapies include supplying '''heat, calf milk replacer, potassium chloride added to milk suspension, antibiotics and copper sulphate'''<ref>Nagaraja, K. V., Pomeroy, B.S (1997) '''Coronaviral enteritis of turkeys (bluecomb disease).''' In: Eds Calnek, B. W., Barnes, H. J., Beard, C. W., McDougald, L. R., Saif, Y. M. Disease of Poultry (10th ed.), ''Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa'' 686–692</ref> can all be used to help the affected birds.

Ameliorative therapies include supplying '''heat, calf milk replacer, potassium chloride added to milk suspension, antibiotics and copper sulphate''' can all be used to help the affected birds.

==Control==

==Control==

==References==

==References==

 

 

{{CABI source

{{CABI source

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60953&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 turkey coronavirus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=88256 turkey coronavirus infections]

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60953&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 turkey coronavirus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=88256 turkey coronavirus infections]

|date = 21 June 2011

|date = 21 June 2011

}}

}}

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[[Category:Coronaviridae]]

[[Category:Coronaviridae]]

[[Category:Avian Viruses]]

[[Category:Avian Viruses]]

[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]]

[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]