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'''Secondary hyperparathyroidism''' can be either renal or nutritional in origin:

'''Secondary hyperparathyroidism''' can be either renal or nutritional in origin:

Secondary '''renal hyperparathyroidism''' is a complication of '''chronic renal failure'''. This is due to '''hyperphosphataemia developing as a result of impaired glomerular filtration rate'''. Renal production of [[Calcium#Calcitriol|calcitriol]] is also reduced, exacerbating the resulting [[hypercalcaemia]].  

Secondary '''renal hyperparathyroidism''' is a complication of '''chronic renal failure'''. This is due to '''hyperphosphataemia developing as a result of impaired glomerular filtration rate'''. '''Reduced vitamin D''' synthesis is also thought to contribute to low serum calcium levels and subsequent stimulation of the parathyroid gland. Renal production of [[Calcium#Calcitriol|calcitriol]] is also reduced, exacerbating the resulting [[hypercalcaemia]].  

Secondary '''nutritional''' hyperparathyroidism is caused by excessive '''phosphorus intake''' causing a total or relative calcium deficiency by '''binding calcium in the gut and decreasing its absorption'''.  This category encompasses '''bran disease in horses and also [[Metabolic Bone Disease|metabolic bone disease]] in reptiles'''.

Secondary '''nutritional''' hyperparathyroidism is caused by excessive '''phosphorus intake''' causing a total or relative calcium deficiency by '''binding calcium in the gut and decreasing its absorption'''.  This category encompasses '''bran disease in horses and also [[Metabolic Bone Disease|metabolic bone disease]] in reptiles'''.

'''Exploratory surgery''' of the cervical region may identify enlarged parathyroid glands if no other test is available or to confirm the diagnosis.  

'''Exploratory surgery''' of the cervical region may identify enlarged parathyroid glands if no other test is available or to confirm the diagnosis.  

In cases of '''nutritional hyperparathyroidism, serum calcium is normal or low''' compared to high in other pathogeneses. '''Urinary excretion of phosphorus is markedly increased''' and serum PTH high. Radiographs will identify bony resorption and pathological fractures with fibrous tissue calluses.  

In cases of '''nutritional hyperparathyroidism, serum calcium is normal or low''' compared to high in other pathogeneses. '''Urinary excretion of phosphorus is markedly increased''' and serum PTH high. Radiographs will identify bony resorption and pathological fractures with fibrous tissue calluses.  

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards]]<br>[[Small Mammals Q&A 19]]

|flashcards = [[Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards]]<br>[[Small Mammals Q&A 19]]<br>[[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 12]]

}}

}}

Merck Vet Manual, '''Nutritional Diseases''', accessed 25/07/2011 at http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/182606.htm&word=nutritional%2csecondary

Merck Vet Manual, '''Nutritional Diseases''', accessed 25/07/2011 at http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/182606.htm&word=nutritional%2csecondary

{{review}}

{{review}}

[[Category:Endocrine Diseases - Dog]] [[Category: Endocrine Diseases - Cat]] [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] [[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]] [[Category:Colic in Horses]][[Category:Endocrine Diseases - Horse]]

[[Category:Endocrine Diseases - Dog]] [[Category: Endocrine Diseases - Cat]] [[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]] [[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]] [[Category:Colic in Horses]][[Category:Endocrine Diseases - Horse]]