Changes

'''Clinical signs''' are sufficient to diagnose pneumovagina.  

'''Clinical signs''' are sufficient to diagnose pneumovagina.  

Vulva can be physically assessed in terms of '''position, slope and seal quality''', which aids in determination of risk. The '''Caslick index''' can be calculated by '''multiplying length of the vulva by angle of declination''' and values '''below 100 are favourable'''<ref name="Samper" />. Procedures can then be instigated to lower the risk to a developing pregnancy as discussed below in treatment.

Vulva can be physically assessed in terms of '''position, slope and seal quality''', which aids in determination of risk. The '''Caslick index''' can be calculated by '''multiplying length of the vulva by angle of declination''' and values '''below 100 are favourable''' and those more than 150 are classed as high risk for pneumovagina and infection<ref name="Samper" />. Procedures can then be instigated to lower the risk to a developing pregnancy as discussed below in treatment.

'''Examination of aborted foetuses''' will confirm presence of placentitis.  

'''Examination of aborted foetuses''' will confirm presence of placentitis.  

Many affected mares will have a history of subfertility, infertility or failed pregnancies.  

Many affected mares will have a history of subfertility, infertility or failed pregnancies.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==