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'''Wild hosts''' include European and Japanese eels, largemouth bass, striped sea bass, Atlantic salmon, Marble goby, snakes and birds.
'''Wild hosts''' include European and Japanese eels, largemouth bass, striped sea bass, Atlantic salmon, Marble goby, snakes and birds.
'''Domestic hosts''' include '''Japanese Eels, channel fish''', Siamese fighting fish, carp species including catla and rosy barb, crimson and European seabass, black tetra, Asian seabass (barramundi), rainbow trout, chinook salmon, Nile tilapia, red seabream, turbot, and Angel fish.
'''Domestic hosts''' include '''Japanese Eels, channel catfish''', Siamese fighting fish, carp species including catla and rosy barb, crimson and European seabass, black tetra, Asian seabass (barramundi), rainbow trout, chinook salmon, Nile tilapia, red seabream, turbot, and Angel fish.
Other fish hosts that have been documented are perch-like species including Cichlidae, Chrysophrys unicolor, flathead mullet , bastard halibut, flounders, and mozambique tilapia. '''''E. tarda'' can also be found in zoo animals, zebu, cattle, pigs, reptiles, marine mammals, members of the Alligatoridae family (alligators and caimans) and humans.'''
Other fish hosts that have been documented are perch-like species including Cichlidae, Chrysophrys unicolor, flathead mullet , bastard halibut, flounders, and mozambique tilapia. '''''E. tarda'' can also be found in zoo animals, zebu, cattle, pigs, reptiles, marine mammals, members of the Alligatoridae family (alligators and caimans) and humans.'''
==Clinical Signs==
==Clinical Signs==
Clinical signs vary between fish species; consequently they are generally of little use except to indicate a bacterial infection.
All life stages of fish are affected by ''E. tarda'' and '''haemorrhaging of the body cavity, muscle, and organs including liver and kidneys''' are commonly seen. Within the '''kidneys and spleen''', necrotic '''white/grey lesions''' can be seen on the surface of the organs.
All life stages of fish are affected by ''E. tarda'' and '''haemorrhaging of the body cavity, muscle, and organs including liver and kidneys''' are commonly seen. Within the '''kidneys and spleen''', necrotic '''white/grey lesions''' can be seen on the surface of the organs.
General '''behavioural changes''' include '''loss of balance, bursts of abnormal activity, and increased food consumption'''.
General '''behavioural changes''' include '''loss of balance, bursts of abnormal activity, and increased food consumption'''.
'''In humans''' it causes '''diarrhoea, gastroenteritis''' and possibly '''typhoid-like illness, peritonitis with sepsis, cellulitis and meningitis'''.
'''In humans''' it causes '''diarrhoea, gastroenteritis''', while extraintestinal infections may produce '''typhoid-like illness, peritonitis with sepsis, cellulitis and meningitis'''.
==Epidemiology==
==Epidemiology==
==Distribution==
==Distribution==
''E.tarda'' is a ubiquitous organism and is predominantly found in the '''USA, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Israel and many developing countries''' including '''Africa and South and Central America'''. It has also been found in parts of '''Europe and Australia'''.
''E.tarda'' is a ubiquitous organism and is predominantly found in fish cultured in the '''USA, Venezuela, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, India, Thailand, Egypt, Israel and many developing countries''' including '''Africa and South and Central America'''. It has also been found in wild fish from '''Canada, USA and Australia'''.
==Pathology==
==Pathology==
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
'''Oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine or methoprim''' have been used to treat ES. The '''latter two can cause cessation of feeding''' in some fish species.
'''Oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine or methoprim''' have been used to treat ES. The '''latter two can cause cessation of feeding''' in some fish species.
Antibiotic resistant strains have been isolated e.g. in Taiwan. Some of these resistant strains can be treated with the addition of '''oxalinic acid''' or '''miloxacin''' in their feed.
==Control==
==Control==
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
Evans, J., Klesius, P.H., Plumb, J.A. , Shoemaker, C.A. (2011). '''Edwardsiella Septicaemias.''' In: '''Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3''', 2nd edition (eds. P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno), ''CABI'', Wallingford, UK. pp. 512-569.
{{CABI source
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=84399&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Edwardsiella tarda''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84398 Edwardsiella septicaemia (Edwardsiella tarda infection)]
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=84399&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Edwardsiella tarda''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84398 Edwardsiella septicaemia (Edwardsiella tarda infection)]
|date =10 July 2011
|date =10 July 2011
}}
}}
<br><br><br>
<br><br>
{{Patrick Woo
|date = 15 September 2011
}}
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Fish Diseases]]
[[Category:Fish Diseases]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:Expert Review Completed]]