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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

Hepatocytic necrosis can occur following severe metabolic disturbances, toxic substances, nutritional deficiencies and through the action of micro-organisms.

Hepatocytes are the epithelial cells of the liver, and these are the main targets of most liver diseases. They can ultimately undergo necrosis, a form of cell death, after lethal injury. This can occur following severe metabolic disturbances, toxic insults, nutritional deficiencies and through the action of micro-organisms.

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[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]] cell necrosis has been classified on an anatomic basis with reference to the distribution of the lesion.

Despite many types of injury that the liver is subjected to, the resultant necrosis occurs in one of three patterns:

== Random Foci (Focal)==

== Random Necrosis (Focal)==

Microscopic foci of necrosis are not related to any particular part of the liver lobule and can be due to a variety of insults such as, systemic viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and as a result of bacteria being absorbed from the gut.

In this form of necrosis, there is no distinct pattern of lesions - small foci of necrosis are randomly scattered throughout the liver, and may be either microscopic or just visible to the naked eye. They can result from a variety of insults such as - systemic viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, or as a result of bacteria being absorbed from the gut.

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Examples include  

Examples of conditions that result in random focal hepatic necrosis include:

*[[Equine Herpesvirus 1|Equine herpes virus]] infection; necrosis found in aborted foetuses.

*[[Equine Herpesvirus 1|Equine herpes virus 1]] infection found in aborted foetuses

*[[Salmonellosis]]; necrosis found in the liver of calves due to the ''S. dublin'' serotype.

*Septicaemia in association with [[Salmonellosis|salmonellosis]], tularaemia and [[Listeriosis|listeriosis]]

*[[Toxoplasmosis - Cat and Dog|Toxoplasmosis]] (miliary necrosis), which is found in affected dogs and cats.

*[[Toxoplasmosis - Cat and Dog|Toxoplasmosis]] in dogs and cats