Changes

This is another uncommon pattern of necrosis that only involves a region around the central vein. It is caused by direct-acting hepatotoxins, and is seen in cases of phosphorus poisoning.

This is another uncommon pattern of necrosis that only involves a region around the central vein. It is caused by direct-acting hepatotoxins, and is seen in cases of phosphorus poisoning.

Regardless of the zone affected, grossly the liver is pale, friable, slightly enlargedwith rounded edges, and has an enhanced lobular pattern.

Regardless of the zone affected, grossly the liver is pale, friable, slightly enlarged with rounded edges, and has an enhanced lobular pattern.

=== Massive Necrosis ===

=== Massive Necrosis ===

This occurs when there is necrosis of a complete acinus or an even larger area of tissue. It encompasses large areas of liver cells comprising many lobules (complete acinus or several acini) and sometimes involving almost the whole organ.

This pattern does not imply necrosis of the whole liver, but rather describes necrosis that spans an entire lobule or adjacent lobules. All hepatocytes within the affected lobule(s) are necrotic.

It can occur is some cases of ICH infection or carbon tetrachloride poisoning, with the severity of the injury replacing the zonal pattern.

Since all hepatocytesin the lobule are affected, regeneration of these regions is not possible, and affected lobules collapse. In acute stages, the liver may be enlarged or swollen due to congestion. Later, it may reduce in size as a result of scarring that occurs subsequent to lobular collapse (post-necrotic scarring).

This is a condition in the dog, of which the aetiology is entirely unknown. Clinical symptoms include acute abdominal pain, collapse and invariably jaundice. Pathology shows the liver is normal or reduced in size and that there is severe necrosis.

==''Hepatosis dietica''==

'''''Hepatosis dietica''''' is one condition that results in massive necrosis due to vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This occurs in rapidly growing pigs that are fed on large quantities of grain concentrates, or poor quality or low quantity protein supplements. The exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, but the resultant nutritional deficiencies of selenium and Vitamin E are considered to generate free radicals that result in liver necrosis.

This is a similar condition to subacute cytolytic necrosis, but it occurs in rapidly growing pigs. It is thought to be related to diet and occurs in pigs fed on large quantities of grain concentrates, poor quality or low quantity protein supplements. This results in nutritional deficiencies of selenium and Vitamin E, and probably amino acids. It is thought to be triggered by stress.

{{Learning

{{Learning

== References ==

== References ==

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) '''Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary '''(2nd Edition),'' Elsevier Science.''

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) '''Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary '''(2nd Edition), '' Elsevier Science.''

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Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine '''(6th edition, volume 2),'' W.B. Saunders Company.''

Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine '''(6th edition, volume 2),'' W.B. Saunders Company.''

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Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) '''Small Animal Surgery''' (Third Edition),'' Mosby Elsevier.''

Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) '''Small Animal Surgery''' (Third Edition), '' Mosby Elsevier.''

Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine '''(Fourth Edition), ''Mosby Elsevier. ''

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Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine '''(Fourth Edition)'', Mosby Elsevier. ''

Smyth, B (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide''''', Royal Veterinary College''.

[[Category:Liver_-_General_Pathology]]

[[Category:Liver_-_General_Pathology]]

[[Category:Nicola Parry reviewing]]

[[Category:Nicola Parry reviewed]]