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** E.g. ''Actinobacillus lignieresii'' causes wooden tongue in cattle -> [[Muscles - inflammatory#Wooden tongue|myositis]]
 
** E.g. ''Actinobacillus lignieresii'' causes wooden tongue in cattle -> [[Muscles - inflammatory#Wooden tongue|myositis]]
 
*''A. equuli'' in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
 
*''A. equuli'' in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
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===Overview===
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===''Actinobacillus'' characteristics===
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*Small Gram negative coccobacilli
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*Oxidase negative
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*Do not grow on MacConkey
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===''Actinobacillus lignieresii''===
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*Commensal in the mouth of sheep and cattle
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*Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause a granuloma, a condition known as Actinobacillosis
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*Enodogenous, sporadic and chronic infection
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*Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration
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*Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics
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*Formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle
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*In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced
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*Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition
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*Recovery with antibiotics
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===''Actinobacillus equuli''===
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*Commensal of the equine intestinal mucosa
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*Infection at birth causes severe enteritis and septicaemia within 24 hours, known as sleepy foal disease
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*In foals that survive neonatal infection the condition progresses to cause joint infections and purulent nephritis
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*RTX group cytotoxin present
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===''Actinobacillus suis''===
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