Changes

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

The condition is most commonly see in '''dogs'''. It may be caused by '''hair''' constricting the penis at its base, '''[[Male External Genitalia - Pathology|phimosis]]''' - which is a congenital narrowing of the preputial orifice, '''trauma''', a '''short prepuce''', '''circumferential foreign bodies''' around the base of the penis, '''[[Male External Genitalia - Pathology|priapism]]''' - secondary to neurological abnormalities or [[Inflammation|inflammation]].  

The condition is most commonly seen in '''dogs'''. It may be caused by '''hair''' constricting the penis at its base, '''phimosis''' - which is a congenital narrowing of the preputial orifice, '''trauma''', a '''short prepuce''', '''circumferential foreign bodies''' around the base of the penis, '''priapism''' - secondary to neurological abnormalities or [[Inflammation|inflammation]].  

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

If the condition is caused by phimosis either the prepucial opening should be '''enlarged surgically''' or '''partial penile amputation''' should be performed. Any '''hair or foreign object''' constricting the base of the penis should be '''removed'''. The dog may require sedation or general anaesthetic.

If the condition is caused by phimosis either the prepucial opening should be '''enlarged surgically''' or '''partial penile amputation''' should be performed. Any '''hair or foreign object''' constricting the base of the penis should be '''removed'''. The dog may require sedation or general anaesthetic.

If the penis is not immediately replaced it will '''dry out and become painful''' - secondary to this '''self-trauma, ulceration, [[Urogenital Disease and Anaesthesia|urethral obstruction]], [[Necrosis - Pathology|necrosis]] and gangrene''' may occur. Should any of these things occur, '''partial penile amputation''' may be necessary. The dog should be '''catheterised''' if there is any risk of urethral obstruction.  

If the penis is not immediately replaced it will '''dry out and become painful''' - secondary to this '''self-trauma, ulceration, urethral obstruction, [[Necrosis - Pathology|necrosis]] and gangrene''' may occur. Should any of these things occur, '''partial penile amputation''' may be necessary. The dog should be '''catheterised''' if there is any risk of urethral obstruction.  

Further treatment is limited but the following have been used in men and horses: Injection of [[Alpha-2 Agonists|alpha-adrenergic drugs]] or benztropine, and anticholinergic drugs, into the corpus cavernosum penis to induce detumescence; and the creation of a communication between the corpus cavernosum penis and the glans penis surgically - which can be attempted in breeding animals.

Further treatment is limited but the following have been used in men and horses: Injection of [[Alpha-2 Agonists|alpha-adrenergic drugs]] or benztropine, and anticholinergic drugs, into the corpus cavernosum penis to induce detumescence; and the creation of a communication between the corpus cavernosum penis and the glans penis surgically - which can be attempted in breeding animals.

Merck & Co (2009) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Ninth Edition), ''Merial''

Merck & Co (2009) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Ninth Edition), ''Merial''

[[Category: To Do - Siobhan Brade]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Manson review]]

[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Male Reproductive System - Pathology]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]