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Also known as: '''''Biliary calculi — Gallstones — Choleliths'''''
Also known as: '''''Biliary calculi — Gallstones — Gall Stones — Choleliths — Cholecystolithiasis — Choledocholithiasis'''''
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Cholelithiasis are rare but occur in '''all animals'''.
Cholelithiasis is rare but occurs in '''all animals'''.
Choleliths may be of '''minute size''', like grains of sand, or they may be '''large and solitary'''.
In dogs and cats, most stones consist of '''calcium salts and bilirubinate''' (pigment stones).
In dogs and cats, most stones consist of '''calcium salts and bilirubinate''' (pigment stones).
Cholelithiasis is '''often asymptomatic'''.
Cholelithiasis is '''often asymptomatic'''.
Clinical disease presents as: '''jaundice, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss and dehydration'''.
Clinical disease presents as: '''[[jaundice]], vomiting, anorexia, weight loss and dehydration'''.
Signs may be mild, transitory or recurrent.
Signs may be mild, transitory or recurrent.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Cholelithiasis should be considered as a possible diagnosis if obstructive icterus is present.
Cholelithiasis should be considered as a possible diagnosis if obstructive [[icterus]] is present.
'''Radiography''': will detect radioopaque calculi (50% at most)
'''Radiography''': will detect radioopaque calculi (50% at most)
'''Ultrasonography''': will detect radiolucent calculi and enables examination of the liver parenchyma.
'''Ultrasonography''': will detect radiolucent calculi and enables examination of the liver parenchyma.
'''Haematology and biochemistry''' reveal extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction: raised AST and ALP, increased bilirubin.
'''Haematology and biochemistry''' reveal extrahepatic [[Biliary Tract - Obstruction|biliary tract obstruction]]: raised AST and ALP, increased [[bilirubin]].
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Merck and Co (2008) '''Merck Veterinary Manual''' ''Merial''
Merck and Co (2008) '''Merck Veterinary Manual''' ''Merial''
[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]
{{review}}
[[Category:Gall_Bladder_and_Tract_-_Pathology]]
[[Category:Gall Bladder and Tract Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Gall Bladder and Tract Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Biliary Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Biliary Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
[[Category:Liver Diseases - Horse]]