Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The humeral condyle develops from '''three separate ossification centres''': a medial ossification centre, a lateral centre and a smaller centre that goes on to form the medial epicondyle. The '''medial and lateral centres should fuse at between 8 and 12 weeks of age in dogs'''.

The [[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Humerus|humeral]] condyle develops from '''three separate ossification centres''': a medial ossification centre, a lateral centre and a smaller centre that goes on to form the medial epicondyle. The '''medial and lateral centres should fuse at between 8 and 12 weeks of age in dogs'''.

Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle (IOHC) is characterised by the presence of a '''fissure between the medial and lateral condyles''' of the humerus, which corresponds to the location of the cartilagenous plate that separates the two ossification centres prior to their fusion.  

Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle (IOHC) is characterised by the presence of a '''fissure between the medial and lateral condyles''' of the humerus, which corresponds to the location of the cartilagenous plate that separates the two ossification centres prior to their fusion.  

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

<u>'''Dog with lameness'''</u>: elbow lameness can occur with IOHC. It can be intermittent and mild or constant and severe, and does not respond well to NSAIDs.  

<u>'''Dog with lameness'''</u>: elbow lameness can occur with IOHC. It can be intermittent and mild or constant and severe, and does not respond well to [[NSAIDs]].  

Range of motion is not usually affected, and there is rarely elbow effusion.  

Range of motion is not usually affected, and there is rarely elbow effusion.  

The contralateral elbow should also be assessed as the condition is often '''bilateral'''.

The contralateral elbow should also be assessed as the condition is often '''bilateral'''.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

<u>'''Dog with lameness'''</u>: dogs with IOHC but without a fracture are treated by placement of a '''transcondylar screw''', usually a lag screw. A second point of fixation is not required.   

<u>'''Dog with lameness'''</u>: dogs with IOHC but without a fracture are treated by placement of a '''transcondylar screw''', usually a lag screw. A second point of fixation is not required.   

Moores, A. (2006) '''Humeral Condylar Fractures and IOHC in dogs''' ''In Practice'' 28, 391-397

Moores, A. (2006) '''Humeral Condylar Fractures and IOHC in dogs''' ''In Practice'' 28, 391-397

[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]

[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]