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{{Summary
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|cause = ''Mycoplasma haemofelis''
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|signalment = Male cats with outdoor access
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|associated = Feline retroviruses
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|differentials = Other causes of anaemia
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|diagnosis = PCR, blood smear examination
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|treatment = Doxycycline
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}}
 
Also known as: '''''FIA — Haemoplasmosis — Hemoplasmosis'''''; previously known as: ''Haemobartonellosis''
 
Also known as: '''''FIA — Haemoplasmosis — Hemoplasmosis'''''; previously known as: ''Haemobartonellosis''
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Mhf can vary in shape from cocci to rods and is sometimes present as chains of organisms on the surface of [[Erythrocyte|erythrocytes]].
 
Mhf can vary in shape from cocci to rods and is sometimes present as chains of organisms on the surface of [[Erythrocyte|erythrocytes]].
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[[File:M haemofelis2.jpg|thumb|''Mycoplasma haemofelis'' on the surface of an erythrocyte]]
    
==Transmission==
 
==Transmission==
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It is thought that recovered cats can become subclinical carriers, with the potential for the disease to recrudesce if the animal is in a stressed state eg pregnancy, illness.<ref name = "Harvey">Harvey JW and Gaskin JM (1978)Feline haemobartonellosis;attempts to induce relapses of clinical disease in chronically infected cats.'''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc'''14:453</ref>
 
It is thought that recovered cats can become subclinical carriers, with the potential for the disease to recrudesce if the animal is in a stressed state eg pregnancy, illness.<ref name = "Harvey">Harvey JW and Gaskin JM (1978)Feline haemobartonellosis;attempts to induce relapses of clinical disease in chronically infected cats.'''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc'''14:453</ref>
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[[File:M haemofelis.jpg|thumb|''Mycoplasma haemofelis'' on the surface of blood cells]]
    
==Clinical signs==
 
==Clinical signs==
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Infected cats most commonly present for lethargy and decreased appetite. Physical examination findings are non-specific and can include signs of anaemia, such as mucous membrane pallor, tachypnoea and tachycardia, pyrexia, and occasionally splenomagaly and [[Icterus|jaundice]]. Pyrexia is frequently intermittent and spikes when parasite numbers are highest <ref name="Wardrop"></ref>.  The anaemia can be severe and rapidly fatal in some cases.  
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Infected cats most commonly present for lethargy and decreased appetite. Physical examination findings are non-specific and can include signs of anaemia, such as mucous membrane pallor, tachypnoea and tachycardia, pyrexia, and occasionally splenomegaly and [[Icterus|jaundice]]. Pyrexia is frequently intermittent and spikes when parasite numbers are highest <ref name="Wardrop"></ref>.  The anaemia can be severe and rapidly fatal in some cases.
    
==Differential diagnosis==
 
==Differential diagnosis==
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==Diagnosis==
 
==Diagnosis==
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The most commmon findings from complete blood counts from cats with Mhf infections are a '''marcocytic, hypochromic regenerative anaemia'''. [[Reticulocyte|Reticulocytes]] and [[Howell-Jolly Bodies|Howell-Jolly bodies]] may be identified on cytologic examination.
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The most commmon findings from complete blood counts from cats with Mhf infections are a '''macrocytic, hypochromic regenerative anaemia'''. [[Reticulocyte|Reticulocytes]] and [[Howell-Jolly Bodies|Howell-Jolly bodies]] may be identified on cytologic examination.
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Mhf infection can be definitively diagnosed by identification of organisms on a blood smear, appearing as cocci or rods and sometimes forming short chains of organisms. However, examination of a single blood smear is less than 50% sensitive <ref name="Hagiwara"> Hagiwara, MK (2009) Anemia in Cats: Is It Mycoplasma? '''Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress'''</ref> as the animal's immune response causes organisms to disappear from the blood stream for several days, often to reappear a few days later. One study found that smears should be examined every four days over a minimum of three four day cycles<ref name="Ettinger>Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)W.B. Saunders Company</ref>, making it possible to have eight days between presentation and diagnosis. It also has the potential for misidentification of organisms.  
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Mhf infection can be definitively diagnosed by identification of organisms on a blood smear, appearing as cocci or rods and sometimes forming short chains of organisms. However, examination of a single blood smear is less than 50% sensitive <ref name="Hagiwara"> Hagiwara, MK (2009) Anemia in Cats: Is It Mycoplasma? '''Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress'''</ref> as the animal's immune response causes organisms to disappear from the blood stream for several days, often to reappear a few days later. One study found that smears should be examined every four days over a minimum of three four day cycles<ref name="Ettinger>Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2) W.B. Saunders Company</ref>, making it possible to have eight days between presentation and diagnosis. It also has the potential for misidentification of organisms.  
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[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073119573.pdf ''' Bartonellosis and hemoplasmosis in dogs and cats: emerging issues.''' Lappin, M. R.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 21, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2007, 2007, pp 629-631]
 
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073119573.pdf ''' Bartonellosis and hemoplasmosis in dogs and cats: emerging issues.''' Lappin, M. R.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 21, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2007, 2007, pp 629-631]
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis60170 Feline infectious anemia]
 
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{{review}}
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{{Rebekah Brown
[[Category:Anaemia]]
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|date = July 3, 2012 }}
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[[Category:Anaemia|5]]
 
[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cat Bacteria]]
 
[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cat Bacteria]]
 
[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]]
 
[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]]