Changes

**LPS O antigens prevent damage to bacterial cell wall by complement

**LPS O antigens prevent damage to bacterial cell wall by complement

**LPS also causes endotoxaemia, and may contribute to local inflammatory response damaging intestinal cells to cause diarrhoea

**LPS also causes endotoxaemia, and may contribute to local inflammatory response damaging intestinal cells to cause diarrhoea

**Endotoxic shock during septicaemic salmonellosis due to LPS  

**Endotoxic shock during septicaemic [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|salmonellosis]] due to LPS  

**Intracellular carriage if bacteria no completely removed

**Intracellular carriage if bacteria no completely removed

**Invasive potential of certain strains e.e ''Salmonella'' Dublin associated with carriage of a large plasmid, encoding genes to allow intracellular survival in macrophages and also to allow iron acquisition

**Invasive potential of certain strains e.g. ''Salmonella'' Dublin associated with carriage of a large plasmid, encoding genes to allow intracellular survival in macrophages and also to allow iron acquisition

**''Salmonellae'' are facultative intracellular organisms, allowing them to move from the gut in macrophages and cause a bacteraemia and lesions throughout the body

**''Salmonellae'' are facultative intracellular organisms, allowing them to move from the gut in macrophages and cause a bacteraemia and lesions throughout the body

**Possession of Pathogenicity Islands associated with virulence

**Possession of Pathogenicity Islands associated with virulence

*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle

*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle

*Some serotypes are host-specific, some infect a wide range of species

*Some serotypes are host-specific, some infect a wide range of species

*Healthy adult carnivores are resistant to salmonellosis

*Healthy adult carnivores are resistant to [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|salmonellosis]]

*Clinical outcome depends on number of bacteria ingested, virulence of serotype, susceptibility of host

*Clinical outcome depends on number of bacteria ingested, virulence of serotype, susceptibility of host

*Young and debilitated animals susceptible

*Young and debilitated animals susceptible

**''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans

**''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans

**''S.'' Montevideo produces outbreaks from contaminated imported meat and bone meal  

**''S.'' Montevideo produces outbreaks from contaminated imported meat and bone meal  

*Enteric salmonellosis:

*Enteric [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|salmonellosis]]:

**Enterocolitis occurs in most farm animal species affecting all ages

**Enterocolitis occurs in most farm animal species affecting all ages

**[[Intestines - Ulcerative Enteritis|Ulcerative enteritis]]  

**[[Intestines - Ulcerative Enteritis|Ulcerative enteritis]]  

**Milder syndrome where endemic on farms, possibly due to acquired immunity

**Milder syndrome where endemic on farms, possibly due to acquired immunity

**Chronic enterocolitis can occur in surviving pigs, cattle, horses, causing intermittent fever, soft faeces and gradual weight loss

**Chronic enterocolitis can occur in surviving pigs, cattle, horses, causing intermittent fever, soft faeces and gradual weight loss

*Septicaemic salmonellosis:

*Septicaemic [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|salmonellosis]]:

**Most common in calves, neonatal foals, pigs under one month

**Most common in calves, neonatal foals, pigs under one month

**Sudden onset fever, depression, recumbency

**Sudden onset fever, depression, recumbency

***Most survivors become subclinical excretors

***Most survivors become subclinical excretors

***May become latent carriers with no excretion

***May become latent carriers with no excretion

*Salmonellosis in poultry:

*[[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|salmonellosis]] in poultry:

**''S.'' Pullorum and ''S.'' Gallinarum now rare in UK due to eradication programs including the Pullorum test (whole blood slide agglutination to detect antibody to both ''S.'' Pullorum and ''S'' Gallinarum)

**''S.'' Pullorum and ''S.'' Gallinarum now rare in UK due to eradication programs including the Pullorum test (whole blood slide agglutination to detect antibody to both ''S.'' Pullorum and ''S'' Gallinarum)

**These ''Salmonellae'' can infect the ovaries of hens and be transmitted via eggs

**These ''Salmonellae'' can infect the ovaries of hens and be transmitted via eggs