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*Cause [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In cattle|peritonitis in cattle]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
*Cause [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In cattle|peritonitis in cattle]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
*''Micropolyspora faeni and Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' in [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Extrinsic Allergic Bronchio-alveolitis|Bovine Farmers Lung]]
*''Micropolyspora faeni and Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' in [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Extrinsic Allergic Bronchio-alveolitis|Bovine Farmers Lung]]
*''Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' may cause [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
*''Thermactinomyces vulgaris'' may cause [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
===''Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium'' and ''Actinobaculum'' species===
===''Arcanobacterium, Actinomyces'' and ''Actinobaculum'' species===
*Non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria
*Non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria
===''Arcanobacterium pyogenes''===
===''Arcanobacterium pyogenes''===
*Characteristics:
*Characteristics:
**Formerly known as ''Actinomyces pyogenes'' and ''Corynebacterium pyogenes''
**Formerly known as ''Actinomyces pyogenes'' and ''Corynebacterium pyogenes''
**Suppurative infections
**Suppurative infections
**Abscesses especially in liver
**Abscesses especially in liver
**Lymphadenitis, [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], peritonitis and neural abscessation
**Pyometra
**Pyometra
**Endometritis
**Endometritis
**Umbilical infections
**Umbilical infections
**Suppurative pneumonia
**Suppurative pneumonia
*Treatment:
**Penicillin or broad spectrum antibiotics
**Unclassified ''Actinomyces'' species isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons - inflammatory#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers]]
===''Actinomyces''===
===''Actinomyces''===
*Usually long filamentous branching Gram positive rods
*Usually long filamentous branching Gram positive rods
*Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
*Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
***Found naturally in oral cavity of cattle
***Found naturally in oral cavity of cattle
***Prefers anaerobic conditions but not strict anaerobe
***Prefers anaerobic conditions but not strict anaerobe
***Penetrates injured tissues to cause granulomatous lesions of soft tissues and bone, causing lumpy jaw
***Penetrates injured tissues to cause [[General Pathology - Chronic Inflammation#Granulomatous Inflammation|granulomatous inflammation]] lesions of soft tissues and bone, causing [[Oral Cavity - Teeth#Mandibular Osteomyelitis|lumpy jaw]]
***Usually invades mandible to cause [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] and may extend to surrounding [[Muscles - inflammatory#Actinomycosis bovis|muscles]]
***Organisms found in yellow sulphur granules
***Organisms found in yellow sulphur granules
***Club colony formation
***Club colony formation
**''Actinomyces viscosus''
**''Actinomyces viscosus''
***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
***Causes localised abscesses of skin or granulomatous lesions in thorax leading to pyothorax in dogs
***Canine actinomycosis
***Causes localised subcutaneous pyogranulomatous lesions and fibrovascular proliferation of peritoneal and pleural surfaces in dogs
***Leads to [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]]
***Respiratory distress
***Cutaneous pustules in horses
***Cutaneous pustules in horses
***Abortion in cattle
***Abortion in cattle
***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
***Grow in 10% carbon dioxide
***Grow in 10% carbon dioxide
***Usually responds to penicillin
**''Actinomyces hordeovulneris''
***Organism found in seed heads of certain grasses
***Colonies adhere to agar and are non-haemolytic
***Filamentous, branching organisms
***Cause cutaneous and visceral abscessation, pleuritis, peritonitis and arthritis in dogs
===''Actinobaculum suis''===
===''Actinobaculum suis''===
**Found in preputial mucosa of boars
**Found in preputial mucosa of boars
**Anaerobic
**Anaerobic
*''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil
*''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil
*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
*Involved in [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]] and [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] in dogs
*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
*Lesions in thoracic cavity, skin and other tissues
*Lesions in thoracic cavity, skin and other tissues
===''Dermatophilus congolensis''===
===''Dermatophilus congolensis''===
*Aerobic
*Aerobic
*Motile zoospores
*Motile zoospores
*No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar
*No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar
*Found in scabs and in foci on skin of carrier animals
*Found in scabs and in foci on skin of carrier animals