Changes

Thoracic Limb Extrinsic Muscles - Horse Anatomy (view source)

Revision as of 12:56, 16 October 2012

533 bytes added , 12:56, 16 October 2012

no edit summary

Line 6: Line 6:

:'''Innervatation''': Accessory n.

:'''Origin''': Mid-dorsal raphe and supraspinous ligament

−

:'''Insertion''': Spine of the scapula

+

:'''Insertion''': Spine of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapula]]

:'''Body''': Two parts, cervical and thoracic, separated by aponeurosis

−

:'''Action''': Raises the scapula against the trunk and swings cranially to advance the limb

+

:'''Action''': Raises the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapula]] against the trunk and swings cranially to advance the limb

'''''Brachiocephalic'''''

Line 14: Line 14:

:Two parts ('''cleidobrachial''' and '''cleidocephalic''' muscle) separated by the clavicle, where it exists

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal crest, wing of atlas and the transverse processes of the 2nd-4th cervical vertebrae

−

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the humerus

+

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]]

:'''Action''': Advances the limb and extends the shoulder joint when limb is in motion. Draws the head and neck ventrally when the limb is fixed

Line 20: Line 20:

:'''Innervatation''': Accessory n. and Axillary n.

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal crest

−

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity, crest of the humerus and fascia of the shoulder as the '''cleidobrachialis''' muscle

+

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity, crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]] and fascia of the shoulder as the '''cleidobrachialis''' muscle

:'''Action''': If acting bilaterally, it draws the head and neck down and backwards. If the acting with one shoulder fixed, it draws the head, upper arm fascia and neck to one side.

Line 27: Line 27:

:The broadest muscle of the back

:'''Origin''': Thoracolumbar fascia

−

:'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the humerus

+

:'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]]

:'''Action''': Antagonist to the brachiocephalic m. It retracts the free limb and flexes shoulder joint. It also draws the trunk forward over the fixed limb.

Line 37: Line 37:

::Caudal ('''transverse''') - First six costal cartilages and ventral sternum

:'''Insertion''':

−

::Cranial ('''descending''') - The crest of the humerus, distal to the deltoid tuberosity

+

::Cranial ('''descending''') - The crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]], distal to the deltoid tuberosity

::Caudal ('''transverse''') - Covers the elbow joint to insert on the medial fascia of the forearm

:'''Action''': Adducts the forelimb, assist in protraction and retraction

−

:The cranial ('''descending''') pectoral muscle forms a visible prominence cranial to the sternum; extending between the manubrium and the humeral crest.

+

:The cranial ('''descending''') pectoral muscle forms a visible prominence cranial to the sternum; extending between the manubrium and the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humeral crest]].

====Deep Musculature====

Line 47: Line 47:

:'''Innervation''': Cranial and caudal thoracic n.

:'''Origin''': Xiphoid and 4th costal cartilages of the sternum

−

:'''Insertion''': Two branches on the lesser and greater tubercles of the humerus, supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

+

:'''Insertion''': Two branches on the lesser and greater tubercles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]], supraglenoid tubercle of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapula]]

:'''Action''':Draws the limb back, supports the trunk, moves the trunk cranially over an advanced limb and extends the shoulder.

Line 55: Line 55:

:'''Innervation''': Dorsal and ventral Cervical n., long thoracic n.

:'''Origin''': 1st-7th rib, transverse process of cervical vertebrae

−

:'''Insertion''': Medial scapula and scapular cartilage

+

:'''Insertion''': Medial [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapula and scapular cartilage]]

:'''Action''': Supports the weight of the trunk. It is reinforced by strong fascia. The cervical portion can retract the limb and the caudal portion can advance the limb.

Line 65: Line 65:

::Thoracic - Spinous processes of 2nd-6th cervical and 7th thoracic vertebrae

:'''Insertion''':

−

::Cervical - Unites with trapezius to insert on scapular cartilage

+

::Cervical - Unites with trapezius to insert on [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapular cartilage]]

−

::Thoracic - ~~Scapula~~

+

::Thoracic - [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapula]]

−

:'''Action''': Draws the limb forward and elevates the limb and neck. Fixes the scapula against the trunk.

+

:'''Action''': Draws the limb forward and elevates the limb and neck. Fixes the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|scapula]] against the trunk.

Lwilkie

4,503

edits