Changes

===Intrinsic Musculature===

===Intrinsic Musculature===

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles produce changes in caliber of the rima glottis by abducting and adducting the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages and the vocal folds and hence, altering airway resistance. The principle muscle to widen the glottis is the ''cricoarytenoideus dorsalis''. The ''thyroarytenoideus'', ''arytenoideus transversus'', and the c''ricoarytenoideus lateralis'' muscles adduct the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages, narrowing the glottis and therefore protecting the lower airway during swallowing.

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles produce changes in caliber of the rima glottis by abducting and adducting the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages and the vocal folds and hence, altering airway resistance. The principle muscle to widen the glottis is the ''cricoarytenoideus dorsalis''. The ''thyroarytenoideus'', ''arytenoideus transversus'', and the ''cricoarytenoideus lateralis'' muscles adduct the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages, narrowing the glottis and therefore protecting the lower airway during swallowing.

====Cricothyroid muscle====

====Cricothyroid muscle (''cricothyroideus'')====

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the '''cranial laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It moves the '''cricoid''' and '''arytenoid''' cartilages caudally to tense the vocal folds.

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the '''cranial laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It moves the '''cricoid''' and '''arytenoid''' cartilages caudally to tense the vocal folds.

====Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle====

====Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle (''cricoarytenoideus dorsalis'')====

The dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It runs from the dorsal surface of the '''cricoid cartilage''' to the '''arytenoid cartilage'''. It abducts the vocal process and therefore the vocal fold to widen the glottis and is the principle abductor of the larynx.

The dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It runs from the dorsal surface of the '''cricoid cartilage''' to the '''arytenoid cartilage'''. It abducts the vocal process and therefore the vocal fold to widen the glottis and is the principle abductor of the larynx.

====Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle====

====Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (''cricoarytenoideus lateralis'')====

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It adducts the vocal processes and narrows the glottis.

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It adducts the vocal processes and narrows the glottis.

====Thyroarytenoid muscle====

====Thyroarytenoid muscle (''thyroarytenoideus'')====

The thyroarytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It runs from the laryngeal floor to the '''thyroid cartilage''' and '''arytenoid cartilage''' and alters the tension of the vocal and vestibular folds. It forms part of the '''sphincter muscular arrangement'''.

The thyroarytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It runs from the laryngeal floor to the '''thyroid cartilage''' and '''arytenoid cartilage''' and alters the tension of the vocal and vestibular folds. It forms part of the '''sphincter muscular arrangement'''.

====Transverse arytenoid muscle====

====Transverse arytenoid muscle (''arytenoideus transversus'')====

The transverse arytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It completes the '''muscular sphincter arrangment''' and spans the '''arytenoid cartilages'''.

The transverse arytenoid muscle is innervated by the '''caudal laryngeal nerve''', a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). It completes the '''muscular sphincter arrangment''' and spans the '''arytenoid cartilages'''.