Changes

==Clinical signs and locations of sinonasal pathology==

==Clinical signs and locations of sinonasal pathology==

*Nasal discharge

*Nasal discharge

***Bilateral discharge:

**Bilateral discharge:

****Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in horses  

***Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in horses  

****Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction

***Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction

*****Neoplasia

****Neoplasia

*****Fungal infection

****Fungal infection

***Unilateral discharge:

**Unilateral discharge:

****Lesion is cranial to nasal septum eg: nasal or sinus lesion; pharyngeal or guttaral pouch lesion in horses

***Lesion is cranial to nasal septum eg: nasal or sinus lesion; pharyngeal or guttaral pouch lesion in horses

**Type of discharge

*Type of discharge

***Serous

**Serous

***Catarrhal

**Catarrhal

***Purrulent

**Purrulent

***Haemorrhage

**Haemorrhage

**Clinical signs

*Clinical signs

***Sneezing - nasal

**Sneezing - nasal

***Facial swelling - nasal, pharyngeal

**Facial swelling - nasal, pharyngeal

***Pain - any location

**Pain - any location

***Coughing - pharynx, larynx, trachea

**Coughing - pharynx, larynx, trachea

***Dyspnoea/altered air flow

**Dyspnoea/altered air flow

***Respiratory noise

**Respiratory noise

===Functional anatomy===

===Functional anatomy===