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The vertebrae within the trunk consist of a body, which encloses the vertebral foramen (through which the spinal cord and meninges run), a spinous process, and a transverse process, as well as articular processes by which they join together. The form of the spinous process varies with respect to species and region.The common pattern of canine landmarks, according to Dyce, Sack, et al, can be identified as:
The vertebrae within the trunk consist of a body, which encloses the vertebral foramen (through which the spinal cord and meninges run), a spinous process, and a transverse process, as well as articular processes by which they join together. The form of the spinous process varies with respect to species and region.The common pattern of canine landmarks, according to Dyce, Sack, et al, can be identified as:
[[Image:Spinal landmarks.jpg|center|500px|Spinal Landmarks - Copyright Becky Pocock 2008]]
[[Image:Spinal landmarks.jpg|center|500px|Spinal Landmarks - Copyright Becky Pocock 2008]]
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==Joints of the Spinal Column==
There are two types of joints:
1. '''Cartilaginous''':
Provides direct connections between vertebral bodies. The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by thick, flexible intervertebral discs, consisting of two parts:
:'''Nucleus pulposus''': slightly eccentric, notochord derivative, contained under pressure and prone to escape.
:'''Annulus fibrosis''': encircling bundles of fibrous tissue that pass obliquely from one vertebra to another, with changing orientation.
2. '''Synovial''':
Found between facets on vertebral arches. They are modified in the regions of the head and pelvis.
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