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====Innervation and Vascularisation of the Outer Ear====

====Innervation and Vascularisation of the Outer Ear====

The vascular supply to the outer ear is provided by the '''great auricular arteries''' (ex internal carotid artery).  Venous drainage is via satellite veins to the '''internal maxillary veins'''.  Innervation is provided by the '''auriculopalpebral branches of [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|cranial nerve VII]] to the auricular muscles and sensory supply by [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Opthalmic Nerve (II)|cranial nerve II]] and [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Trigeminal Nerve (V)|cranial nerve V]].

The vascular supply to the outer ear is provided by the '''great auricular arteries''' (ex internal carotid artery).  Venous drainage is via satellite veins to the '''internal maxillary veins'''.  Innervation is provided by the '''auriculopalpebral branches of [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|cranial nerve VII]] to the auricular muscles and sensory supply by [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Optic Nerve (II)|cranial nerve II]] and [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Trigeminal Nerve (V)|cranial nerve V]].

In the tissues medial to the ear canal lie the auricular and superficial temporal arteries.  Laterally is the '''parotid salivary gland''' and also a branch of the [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|facial nerve (VII)]], external maxillary vein and branches of the external carotid artery.  The [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|facial nerve]] exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen behind the osseous bulla; it passes below the rostroventral aspect of the horizontal ear canal.  The '''auriculo-temporal''' branch of the mandibular portion of the [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Trigeminal Nerve (V)|trigeminal nerve]] (CN V) and branches of the [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|facial nerve]]  pass rostral to the vertical ear canal.

In the tissues medial to the ear canal lie the auricular and superficial temporal arteries.  Laterally is the '''parotid salivary gland''' and also a branch of the [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|facial nerve (VII)]], external maxillary vein and branches of the external carotid artery.  The [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|facial nerve]] exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen behind the osseous bulla; it passes below the rostroventral aspect of the horizontal ear canal.  The '''auriculo-temporal''' branch of the mandibular portion of the [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Trigeminal Nerve (V)|trigeminal nerve]] (CN V) and branches of the [[Equine Cranial Nerves - Horse Anatomy#Facial Nerve (VII)|facial nerve]]  pass rostral to the vertical ear canal.

The cartilage and bony process of the external ear and the tympanic membrane are covered by skin.  The skin of the normal ear has a thin stratified keratinising epidermis and a thin dermis containing adnexal structures – [[Integument of the Horse - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair follicles]], [[Integument of the Horse - Horse Anatomy#Skin Glands|sebaceous and apocrine glands]].  The density of [[Integument of the Horse - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair follicles]] on the concave pinna is variable, as is the density and distribution of [[Integument of the Horse - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair follicles]] in the ear canal itself.  Horses  are devoid of [[Integument of the Horse - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair]] in the lower (proximal) ear canal.

The cartilage and bony process of the external ear and the tympanic membrane are covered by skin.  The skin of the normal ear has a thin stratified keratinising epidermis and a thin dermis containing adnexal structures – [[Equine Integumentary System - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair follicles]], [[Equine Integumentary System - Horse Anatomy#Skin Glands|sebaceous and apocrine glands]].  The density of [[Equine Integumentary System - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair follicles]] on the concave pinna is variable, as is the density and distribution of [[Equine Integumentary System - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair follicles]] in the ear canal itself.  Horses  are devoid of [[Equine Integumentary System - Horse Anatomy#Hair|hair]] in the lower (proximal) ear canal.

====Glands of the Ear Canal====

====Glands of the Ear Canal====