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→Hindlimb
=Hindlimb=
=Hindlimb=
[[Image:Anatomy images bone promences dog Canine 6.jpeg|right|thumb|150px|'''The Canine Hindlimb Skeleton''']]
==Pelvic Girdle and Hip==
The pelvis encircles the pelvic cavity and has several functions including protecting the pelvic viscera, and the reproductive and urinary organs. The pelvis is also essential in locomotion and posture. The pelvis also contains the pelvic canal which, dependant on size, can cause problems during parturition.
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===Bones===
The pelvic girdle is formed by two hip bones which are joined ventrally at the cartilagenous '''pelvic symphysis''' and articulate dorsally with the sacrum. The three components of each hip bone are the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]], [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|pubis]] and [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischium]].
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The bone that articulates with the hip bones to form the hip joint is the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Femur|femur]].
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====Canine Bone Specifics====
The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]]''' is large and prominent in canines. In the dog the '''tuber coxae''' has two prominences; the cranial and caudal ventral iliac spines and although not usually visible, both are readily palpable. The '''sacral tuber''' has two prominences; the cranial and caudal dorsal iliac spines. The '''iliac crest''' is wide and convex and the '''ileal wing''' is orientated in an almost sagittal manner and both are easily palpable.
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Within the the '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischium]]''', the canine '''ischial tuberosity''' is linear in shape.
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The femoral head of the canine '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Femur|femur]]''' is circular and is situated in the centre of the head. There is a distinct '''neck''' connecting the femoral head to the shaft and the '''greater trochanter''' is level with the femoral head.
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===Joints and Synovial Structures===
====[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Sacroiliac Joint|Sacroiliac Joint]]====
In dogs, the short branch of the '''dorsal sacroiliac ligaments''' connects the sacral tuberosity to the mamillary processes of the sacrum. The '''sacrotuberous ligament''' consists of a fibrous cord between the ischial tuberosity and the transverse process of the last sacral vertebrae. (This ligament is absent in the cat.)
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====[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Coxafemoral|Coxafemoral/Hip Joint]]====
The dog has the greatest range of movement in this joint compared to other domestic species. It has the ability to flex, extend, rotate, adduct and abduct its whole limb because of this.
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