830 bytes added ,  13:46, 17 May 2008
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*Diagnosis:
 
*Diagnosis:
 
**Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
 
**Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
**
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**Blood smear from an ear or tail vein of ruminants, or peritoneal fluid from pigs stained with polychrome methylene blue
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**Chains of square-ended blue rods surrounded by mauve capsules
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**Culture on blood and MacConkey agar (no growth on MacConkey)
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**Biochemical tests
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*Treatment:
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**High doses of penicillin G or oxytetracylcine
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*Control:
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**Report suspected cases - notifiable
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**Spores destroyed by sterilisation
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**Endemic regions:
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***Live Sterne spore vaccine which produces toxin but has no capsule, therefore is non-pathogenic; stimulates protective antibody
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***Chemoprophylaxis with long-acting penicillin
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**Non-endemic regions after an outbreak:
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***Movement restrictions
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***Footbath with sporicidal disinfectant
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***Fumigate buildings with formaldehyde
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***Dispose carcases and contaminated material
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***Isolate in-contact animals
     
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