Changes

==Side Effects and Contraindications==

==Side Effects and Contraindications==

Local anaesthetics may have undesirable effects on the CNS. These include termors, convulsions and respiratory depression. The cardiovasular system may also be adversely affected, with drug administration leasing to reduced cardiac contractility, vasodilation and hypotension. [[#Bupivicaine|bupivicaine]] is particularly cardiotoxic, but stereoisomerism exists. The cardio- and neuro-toxic effects of dextrobupivicaine are greatly increased compared to that of levobupivicaine. Commercially available preparations of [[#Bupivicaine|bupivicaine]] are a 50:50 mixture of the two forms of the drug.

Local anaesthetics may have undesirable effects on the CNS. These include termors, convulsions and respiratory depression. The cardiovasular system may also be adversely affected, with drug administration leading to reduced cardiac contractility, vasodilation and hypotension. [[#Bupivicaine|bupivicaine]] is particularly cardiotoxic, but stereoisomerism exists. The cardio- and neuro-toxic effects of dextrobupivicaine are greatly increased compared to that of levobupivicaine. Commercially available preparations of [[#Bupivicaine|bupivicaine]] are a 50:50 mixture of the two forms of the drug.

Local anaesthetic drugs are known to reduce epithelial repair, and so it it wise to administer them away from the site of surgical incision so that healing is not impaired. Inadvertent intravenous administration of these drugs can result in tissue irritation and allergic reactions.

Local anaesthetic drugs are known to reduce epithelial repair, and so it it wise to administer them away from the site of surgical incision so that healing is not impaired. Inadvertent intravenous administration of these drugs can result in tissue irritation and allergic reactions.

{{Learning

{{Learning

|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083097773.pdf ''' Review of the analgesic, prokinetic, and anti-inflammatory uses of IV lidocaine.''' Mudge, M. C.; Green, E. M. ; American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), Lexington, USA, Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1-5 December, 2007, 2007, pp 245-248, 26 ref.]

|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083097773.pdf ''' Review of the analgesic, prokinetic, and anti-inflammatory uses of IV lidocaine.''' Mudge, M. C.; Green, E. M. ; American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), Lexington, USA, Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1-5 December, 2007, 2007, pp 245-248, 26 ref.]

}}

}}