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− | <big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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− | The pharynx is a chamber connecting the oral cavity, nasal cavity, oesophagus and larynx. The pharynx is divided into the nasal pharynx, oral pharynx and oesophageal/laryngeal pharynx which all have different functions, innervation and develope differently. | + | The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is the chamber connecting the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]], [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx and [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] which all have different functions, innervation and develop differently. The oropharynx is the oral section of the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]. |
| + | [[Image:Pharynx Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Pharynx Labelled - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]] |
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− | The oropharynx is the oral section of the pharynx.
| + | ==Structure and Function== |
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| + | The last molar borders rostrally and the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] caudally. The [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] borders ventrally and the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] dorsally. It is derived from endoderm. |
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− | ==Functional Anatomy==
| + | The oropharynx is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]). It is divided by the '''glossopalatine arch''' from the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]]. |
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− | *Last molar rostrally
| + | ==Histology== |
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− | *Epiglottis caudally
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− | *Tongue ventrally
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− | *Soft palate dorsally
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− | *Endoderm
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− | *Innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
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− | *Divided by glossopalatine arch from oesophageal pharynx
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| + | The oropharynx has a '''stratified squamous epithelium'''. It is keratinised in ruminants. The '''lamina propria''' contains aggregates of lymphoid tissue (called tonsils) in several parts of the oropharynx. |
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| ==Musculature== | | ==Musculature== |
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| '''Constrictors''' | | '''Constrictors''' |
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− | *Hyopharyngeus
| + | The constrictor muscles include the '''hyopharyngeus''', '''thyropharyngeus''' and '''cricopharyngeus'''. |
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− | *Thyropharyngeus
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− | *Cricopharyngeus
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| '''Dilators''' | | '''Dilators''' |
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− | *Stylopharyngeus
| + | The dilator muscle is the '''stylopharyngeus'''. |
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− | '''Shorten''' | |
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− | *Pterygopharyngeus
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− | '''Close Pharyngeal Arch'''
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− | *Palatopharyngeus
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| + | The '''pterygopharyngeus''' muscle shortens the oropharynx and the '''palatopharyngeus''' muscle closes the pharyngeal arch. |
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| ==Innervation== | | ==Innervation== |
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− | *Muscles from pharyngeal arch 4 innervated by vagus nerve (CN X)
| + | Muscles from the pharyngeal arch are innervated by the '''vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). The stylopharyngeus from the pharyngeal arch is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]). |
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− | *Stylopharyngeus from pharyngeal arch 3 innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
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− | ==Histology==
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− | * Stratified squamous epithelium
| + | {{Template:Learning |
| + | |quiz = [[Oropharyngeal anatomy]] |
| + | |flashcards = [[Oropharynx Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]] |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Illustration/ill50412.asp Oropharynx Stick injury] |
| + | }} |
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− | *Keratinised in ruminants
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| + | [[Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology]] |