41
edits
Changes
Orbital Cellulitis and Retrobulbar Abscesses - Cat and Dog (view source)
Revision as of 15:59, 13 February 2014
, 15:59, 13 February 2014Created page with "'''Orbital Cellulitis''' is an infection of the tissue surrounding the eye. If frequently localises and progresses to form '''Retrobulbar Abscesses'''. ==Aetiology== Uncerta..."
'''Orbital Cellulitis''' is an infection of the tissue surrounding the eye. If frequently localises and progresses to form '''Retrobulbar Abscesses'''.
==Aetiology==
Uncertain. Assumed to be secondary to '''haematogenous spread''' or penetrating '''foreign bodies'''. '''Anaerobic''' culture is frequently required to produce any growth, and ''Pasteurella'' has been grown from dogs with orbital cellulitis, whilst ''Aspergillus'' and ''Pencillium'' has been grown from cats.
==Clinical Signs==
Exopthalmos
Periorbital swelling
Pain on opening of mouth
Hyperemia and swelling of oral mucosa caudal to rear upper molar tooth
Protrusion of third eyelid
Pyrexia
Chemosis, usually unilateral
Anorexia
Clinical signs are usually rapid in onset.
==Diagnosis==
Clinical signs are often '''pathognomic'''.
A '''complete blood count''' may show signs of infection.
'''Ultrasound''' may confirm the presence of an abscess. '''Radiography''' should be consider if a foreign body is suspected.
==Treatment==
'''Drainage''' should be attempted by making a stab incision through the oral '''mucosa''' caudal to the rear upper molar tooth, followed by careful blunt dissection to the orbit. Any exudate drained should be submitted for culture. The orbit should be gently flushed with sterile saline.
[[Antibiotics|Broad spectrum antibiotics]] should be administered until culture results are received. Antibiotics should be administered for at least 7 days.
==Control==
If clinical signs do not resolve or recur, further investigation or surgery should be undertaken to rule out foreign bodies. Persistent infection from the roots of upper molar teeth should also be ruled out.
==References==
Maggs, D et al (2007) '''Slatter's Fundamentals Of Veterinary Ophthalmology''' (Fourth Edition) ''Saunders''
Peiffer, Robert J, and Petersen-Jones, Simon M (2008) '''Small Animal Ophthalmology''' (Fourth Edition) ''Saunders''
==Aetiology==
Uncertain. Assumed to be secondary to '''haematogenous spread''' or penetrating '''foreign bodies'''. '''Anaerobic''' culture is frequently required to produce any growth, and ''Pasteurella'' has been grown from dogs with orbital cellulitis, whilst ''Aspergillus'' and ''Pencillium'' has been grown from cats.
==Clinical Signs==
Exopthalmos
Periorbital swelling
Pain on opening of mouth
Hyperemia and swelling of oral mucosa caudal to rear upper molar tooth
Protrusion of third eyelid
Pyrexia
Chemosis, usually unilateral
Anorexia
Clinical signs are usually rapid in onset.
==Diagnosis==
Clinical signs are often '''pathognomic'''.
A '''complete blood count''' may show signs of infection.
'''Ultrasound''' may confirm the presence of an abscess. '''Radiography''' should be consider if a foreign body is suspected.
==Treatment==
'''Drainage''' should be attempted by making a stab incision through the oral '''mucosa''' caudal to the rear upper molar tooth, followed by careful blunt dissection to the orbit. Any exudate drained should be submitted for culture. The orbit should be gently flushed with sterile saline.
[[Antibiotics|Broad spectrum antibiotics]] should be administered until culture results are received. Antibiotics should be administered for at least 7 days.
==Control==
If clinical signs do not resolve or recur, further investigation or surgery should be undertaken to rule out foreign bodies. Persistent infection from the roots of upper molar teeth should also be ruled out.
==References==
Maggs, D et al (2007) '''Slatter's Fundamentals Of Veterinary Ophthalmology''' (Fourth Edition) ''Saunders''
Peiffer, Robert J, and Petersen-Jones, Simon M (2008) '''Small Animal Ophthalmology''' (Fourth Edition) ''Saunders''