Changes

*Investigate and treat underlying social or environmental maintaining factors.

*Investigate and treat underlying social or environmental maintaining factors.

*Provide environmental enrichment to use up the cat’s time and activity budget: activity feeding, play, increased access to height, and a range of additional toys and feeding sites.

*Provide environmental enrichment to use up the cat’s time and activity budget: activity feeding, play, increased access to height, and a range of additional toys and feeding sites.

*Provide substitute to chew and consider feeding a chewy dental diet [e.g. Hill’s t/d].

*Provide substitute to chew and consider feeding a chewy dental diet.

*Psychoactive medication; Clomipramine, or Fluoxetine are first choices.

*Psychoactive medication; Clomipramine, or Fluoxetine are first choices.