Changes

|'''Characteristic patterns in urine and faeces deposition''':

|'''Characteristic patterns in urine and faeces deposition''':

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* Initial locations are around cat flap, external doors and windows: external threat.

* Initial locations are around cat flap, external doors and windows: external threat

* Initial locations are entry points to internal rooms, on landings and in corridors: internal conflict within home.

* Initial locations are entry points to internal rooms, on landings and in corridors: internal conflict within home

* Spread of marking sites into the home from around cat flap: potential intruder cat.

* Spread of marking sites into the home from around cat flap: potential intruder cat

* Random locations throughout the home: emotional disturbance within the household

* Random locations throughout the home: emotional disturbance within the household

* Initial deposits on new items in the household, shoes or shopping bags: insecurity and reaction to potential threat

* Initial deposits on new items in the household, shoes or shopping bags: insecurity and reaction to potential threat

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* Single indoor toilet location or substrate [litter box available]: location or substrate of litter tray is unsuitable, or cat may be afraid to use the litter tray.

* Single indoor toilet location or substrate (litter box available): location or substrate of litter tray is unsuitable, or cat may be afraid to use the litter tray

* Single indoor toilet location or substrate [no litter box, cat previously used garden latrine]: cat is unable to use outdoor latrine because it is unuseable [e.g. waterlogged, frozen, or paved over], or inaccessible [e.g. cat is unwell, or a dog now inhabits garden where the latrine is sited], or it is defended by other cats as part of their territory [e.g. despotism].

* Single indoor toilet location or substrate (no litter box, cat previously used garden latrine): cat is unable to use outdoor latrine because it is unusable (e.g. waterlogged, frozen, or paved over), or inaccessible (e.g. cat is unwell, or a dog now inhabits garden where the latrine is sited), or it is defended by other cats as part of their territory (e.g. despotism)

* Multiple indoor toilet locations and substrates: cat is unable to use a regular latrine due to conflict with other cats, aversive experiences during elimination [e.g. pain associated with FLUTD, or owner punishment].

* Multiple indoor toilet locations and substrates: cat is unable to use a regular latrine due to conflict with other cats, aversive experiences during elimination (e.g. pain associated with FLUTD, or owner punishment)

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|'''Behaviour and Posture''':

|'''Behaviour and Posture''':

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* Cat approaches and sniffs the location.

* Cat approaches and sniffs the location

* It then turns around and reverses up to the spray site.

* It then turns around and reverses up to the spray site

* Whilst spraying the cat will paddle its feet.

* Whilst spraying the cat will paddle its feet

* The tail will twitch and vibrate.

* The tail will twitch and vibrate

* The cat may have a glazed and vacant look on its face.

* The cat may have a glazed and vacant look on its face

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* The location may be sniffed and investigated before elimination

* The location may be sniffed and investigated before elimination.

* Urine or faeces are deposited whilst the cat is in a crouched position with slight back arching.

* Urine or faeces are deposited whilst the cat is in a crouched position with slight back arching.

* Abnormal postures may be seen during elimination: urination whilst standing up, or when crouched with a greatly arched or flattened back is indicative of pain or dysuria. In extreme cases, cats may cry or run away from the area where they have eliminated, as if in pain.

* Abnormal postures may be seen during elimination: urination whilst standing up, or when crouched with a greatly arched or flattened back is indicative of pain or dysuria. In extreme cases, cats may cry or run away from the area where they have eliminated, as if in pain.

|'''Deposit''':

|'''Deposit''':

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* Small to medium volumes of urine, perhaps with a greasy or oily appearance.

* Small to medium volumes of urine, perhaps with a greasy or oily appearance

* Intense odour, often musty.

* Intense odour, often musty

* Dries to a yellow-brown colour, with a greasy appearance and occasionally containing crystals.

* Dries to a yellow-brown colour, with a greasy appearance and occasionally containing crystals

* Faeces [middening] are of normal appearance.

* Faeces [middening] are of normal appearance

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* Relatively large volumes of normal urine or faeces.

* Relatively large volumes of normal urine or faeces

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|'''Location:

|'''Location:

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* Usually highly visible locations, where marks will be easily noticed.

* Usually highly visible locations, where marks will be easily noticed

* Most often urine is placed on vertical surfaces, but occasionally horizontal.

* Most often urine is placed on vertical surfaces, but occasionally horizontal

* Urine may be placed high up the vertical object.

* Urine may be placed high up the vertical object

* Objects that heat up and cool down may attract spray marks [heaters, toasters, TV and audio equipment].

* Objects that heat up and cool down may attract spray marks [heaters, toasters, TV and audio equipment]

* Bags, shoes and other objects that may carry foreign odours into the home may be targetted.

* Bags, shoes and other objects that may carry foreign odours into the home may be targetted

* Faeces [middening] are deposited, unburied, in open spaces where they will be most visible.

* Faeces [middening] are deposited, unburied, in open spaces where they will be most visible

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* Unless a particular location is excessively soiled and becomes objectionable to use, the cat will tend to use only a small number of latrine sites for elimination: one for urine and one for faeces.

* Unless a particular location is excessively soiled and becomes objectionable to use, the cat will tend to use only a small number of latrine sites for elimination: one for urine and one for faeces

* Latrines are usually in quiet locations where the cat will have some privacy when eliminating.

* Latrines are usually in quiet locations where the cat will have some privacy when eliminating

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===Emotional Factors===

===Emotional Factors===