Changes

[[Fibre - Nutrition|Fibres]] are structural and gel-forming [[Carbohydrates Overview - Nutrition|polysaccharides]] that resist hydrolysis by mammalian enzymes. This resistance is a factor of both the conformation between glycoside linkages as well as secondary structures.<ref>Luptin JR and Turner ND. (2000) '''Dietary Fiber. In Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition.''' 2000 ''Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company'' p.143-154.</ref> Secondary branching and alignment of fibres can be naturally occurring within the plant or are a consequence of the cooking process (i.e. resistant starches).<ref>Bach-Knudsen KE. (1997) '''Carbohydrate and lignin content of plant materials used in animal feeds. '''''Anim Feed Sci Technol ''1997;67:319-338.</ref><ref>Berry SC. (1986) '''Resistant starch: Formation and measurement of starch that survives exhaustive digestion with amylolytic enzymes during determination of dietary fiber.''''' J Cereal Sci'' 1986;4:301-304.</ref> Insoluble, non-fermentable fibre passes through the gastrointestinal tract of both dogs and cats relatively unchanged, while fermentable dietary fibres can be utilized by bacteria within the large intestine to produce H₂, CO₂, CH₄, and the short-chain [[Fatty Acids Overview - Nutrition|fatty acids]], acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Feeding diets with high soluble fiber contents will slow gastrointestinal transit time,<ref>Bednar GE, ''et al.'' (2001)''' Starch and fiber fractions in selected food and feed ingredients affect their small intestinal digestibility and fermentability and their large bowel fermentability in vitro in the canine model.''''' J Nutr'' 2001;131:276-286.</ref><ref>Burrows CF, ''et al.'' (1982)''' Effects of fiber on digestibility and transit time in dogs.''''' J Nutr'' 1982;112:1726-1732.</ref> decrease apparent digestibility of protein,<ref>Muir HE, ''et al.'' (1996)''' Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics.''''' J Anim Sci ''1996;74:1641-1648.</ref><ref>Silvio J,'' et al.'' (2000)''' Influences of fiber fermentation on nutrient digestion in the dog.''''' Nutr ''2000;16:289-295.</ref><ref>Harper EJ. (1995) '''The effect of fiber on nutrient availability in cats of different ages. '''''Vet Clin Nutr ''1995;3:114.</ref> and will delay carbohydrate absorption in both healthy<ref>Muir HE, ''et al.'' (1996)''' Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fiber with various fermentation characteristics.''''' J Anim Sci'' 1996;74:1641-1648.</ref><ref>Nguyen P, ''et al.'' (1998)''' Glycemic and insulinemic response after ingestion of commercial foods in healthy dogs: Influence of food composition.''''' J Nutr ''1998;128:2654S-2658S.</ref><ref>Buddington RK, ''et al.'' (1999)''' Influence of fermentable fiber on small intestinal dimensions and transport of glucose and proline in dogs.''''' AJVR ''1999;60:354-358.</ref> and diabetic cats and dogs.<ref>Nelson RW. (1989) '''The role of fiber in managing diabetes mellitus.''''' Vet Med ''1989;84:1156-1160.</ref><ref>Nelson RW, ''et al.'' (2000)''' Effect of dietary insoluble fiber on control of glycemia in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus. '''''JAVMA ''2000;216:1082-1088.</ref>Depending on the type of dietary fibre present, decreased cholesterol and triglyceride absorption may also occur.<ref>Ikedo I, ''et al.'' (1989)''' Interrelated Effects of Dietary Fiber and Fat on Lymphatic Cholesterol and Triglyceride Absorption. '''''J Nutr ''1989;199:1383-1387.</ref>

[[Fibre - Nutrition|Fibres]] are structural and gel-forming [[Carbohydrates Overview - Nutrition|polysaccharides]] that resist hydrolysis by mammalian enzymes. This resistance is a factor of both the conformation between glycoside linkages as well as secondary structures.<ref>Luptin JR and Turner ND. (2000) '''Dietary Fiber. In Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition.''' 2000 ''Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company'' p.143-154.</ref> Secondary branching and alignment of fibres can be naturally occurring within the plant or are a consequence of the cooking process (i.e. resistant starches).<ref>Bach-Knudsen KE. (1997) '''Carbohydrate and lignin content of plant materials used in animal feeds. '''''Anim Feed Sci Technol ''1997;67:319-338.</ref><ref>Berry SC. (1986) '''Resistant starch: Formation and measurement of starch that survives exhaustive digestion with amylolytic enzymes during determination of dietary fiber.''''' J Cereal Sci'' 1986;4:301-304.</ref> Insoluble, non-fermentable fibre passes through the gastrointestinal tract of both dogs and cats relatively unchanged, while fermentable dietary fibres can be utilized by bacteria within the large intestine to produce H₂, CO₂, CH₄, and the short-chain [[Fatty Acids Overview - Nutrition|fatty acids]], acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Feeding diets with high soluble fiber contents will slow gastrointestinal transit time,<ref>Bednar GE, ''et al.'' (2001)''' Starch and fiber fractions in selected food and feed ingredients affect their small intestinal digestibility and fermentability and their large bowel fermentability in vitro in the canine model.''''' J Nutr'' 2001;131:276-286.</ref><ref>Burrows CF, ''et al.'' (1982)''' Effects of fiber on digestibility and transit time in dogs.''''' J Nutr'' 1982;112:1726-1732.</ref> decrease apparent [[Digestibility of Protein|digestibility of protein]],<ref>Muir HE, ''et al.'' (1996)''' Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics.''''' J Anim Sci ''1996;74:1641-1648.</ref><ref>Silvio J,'' et al.'' (2000)''' Influences of fiber fermentation on nutrient digestion in the dog.''''' Nutr ''2000;16:289-295.</ref><ref>Harper EJ. (1995) '''The effect of fiber on nutrient availability in cats of different ages. '''''Vet Clin Nutr ''1995;3:114.</ref> and will delay carbohydrate absorption in both healthy<ref>Muir HE, ''et al.'' (1996)''' Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fiber with various fermentation characteristics.''''' J Anim Sci'' 1996;74:1641-1648.</ref><ref>Nguyen P, ''et al.'' (1998)''' Glycemic and insulinemic response after ingestion of commercial foods in healthy dogs: Influence of food composition.''''' J Nutr ''1998;128:2654S-2658S.</ref><ref>Buddington RK, ''et al.'' (1999)''' Influence of fermentable fiber on small intestinal dimensions and transport of glucose and proline in dogs.''''' AJVR ''1999;60:354-358.</ref> and diabetic cats and dogs.<ref>Nelson RW. (1989) '''The role of fiber in managing diabetes mellitus.''''' Vet Med ''1989;84:1156-1160.</ref><ref>Nelson RW, ''et al.'' (2000)''' Effect of dietary insoluble fiber on control of glycemia in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus. '''''JAVMA ''2000;216:1082-1088.</ref>Depending on the type of dietary fibre present, decreased cholesterol and triglyceride absorption may also occur.<ref>Ikedo I, ''et al.'' (1989)''' Interrelated Effects of Dietary Fiber and Fat on Lymphatic Cholesterol and Triglyceride Absorption. '''''J Nutr ''1989;199:1383-1387.</ref>

==References==

==References==