Changes

Choline requirements are dependent on other methyl containing dietary compounds, such as [[Methionine and Cysteine - Nutrition|methionine]], [[Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) - Nutrition|Vitamin B₁₂]], [[folate]], and lecithin (phosphotidylcholine).  

Choline requirements are dependent on other methyl containing dietary compounds, such as [[Methionine and Cysteine - Nutrition|methionine]], [[Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) - Nutrition|Vitamin B₁₂]], [[folate]], and lecithin (phosphotidylcholine).  

====Dogs:====  

====Dogs:====  

Puppies fed a choline deficient diet developed fatty accumulation within the liver; death occurred within 3 weeks of initiating feeding a choline deficient diet. Adult dogs fed choline deficient diets can develop hypocholesterolaemia, experience increased liver enzyme activities, [[vomiting]], and fatty liver<ref name="NRC"/>.

Puppies fed a choline deficient diet developed [[Hepatic Lipidosis|fatty accumulation within the liver]]; death occurred within 3 weeks of initiating feeding a choline deficient diet. Adult dogs fed choline deficient diets can develop hypocholesterolaemia, experience increased liver enzyme activities, [[vomiting]], and fatty liver<ref name="NRC"/>.

 

====Cats:====  

====Cats:====  

Sub-optimal intake of choline results in decreased food intake and poor growth in kittens, and hepatic lipid accumulation<ref>Anderson PA, et al. Choline-methionine interrelationships in feline nutrition. J Anim Sci 1979;49:522-527.</ref>.

Sub-optimal intake of choline results in decreased food intake and poor growth in kittens, and hepatic lipid accumulation<ref>Anderson PA, et al. Choline-methionine interrelationships in feline nutrition. J Anim Sci 1979;49:522-527.</ref>.