3,326
edits
Changes
no edit summary
==Process==
==Process==
[[Image:Diagram of ruminating contractions.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Diagram of ruminating contractions - Copyright RVC 2008]]
*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimlation of the receptors in the mucosa of the reticulum, ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the rumen
*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimlation of the receptors in the mucosa of the reticulum, ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the rumen
*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination
*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination
*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions 47-80 per hour
*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions 47-80 per hour
*Discrete reticular contraction preceedes biphasic ruminal contraction
*Associated with inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax
*Controlled by rumination centres in the hypothalamus
*Fibre increases stomach motility
*Increase in [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] decrease stomach motility
*Courseness of the ration influences the amount of time spent in rumination
*Courseness of the ration influences the amount of time spent in rumination
**Cattle ruminate for up to 10 hours per day
**E.g. Hay diet spends roughly 8 hours per day ruminating
**E.g. Hay diet spends roughly 8 hours per day ruminating
**E.g. Ground dried grass diet spends roughly 5-9 hours per day ruminating
**E.g. Ground dried grass diet spends roughly 5-9 hours per day ruminating
**E.g. Concentrate diet spends roughly 2.5 hours per day ruminating
**E.g. Concentrate diet spends roughly 2.5 hours per day ruminating